1. Past Papers - Focus Jan 2010 -War - Government control because of food? June 2010 - LWR - Welcomed? Jan 2011 -Women - How important were the suffragists? June 2011 -War – Did life get worse for civilians? Jan 2012 - Women – Why did women want the vote? June 2012 - LWR – Why were they introduced? January 2013 – War – Did people support the War effort? June 2013 – LWR – Did they improve people’s lives? Not come up yet…….

2. Using sources…. What do the letters NOP stand for when thinking about a source? What might be the purpose of the following? 1.A political speech 2.A newspaper article 3.A diary 4.A cartoon Are the following types of sources useful or not useful? 1.A photo 2.A Graph of statistics 3.A source written by an army general 4.A cartoon produced by the liberals about their Old Aged Pension What affects a source’s reliability? What kind of things should you NOT say in responses?

3. 1.What was the Poor Law? 2.In 1900, where could people get help if they fell into poverty? 3.Who were William and Catherine Booth? 4.Where did Charles Booth conduct his study of poverty? 5.What did he discover? 6.Who conducted a study of poverty in York? 7.Describe Seebohm Rowntree’s poverty line 8.What does Laissez Faire mean in the context of the Liberal Welfare Reforms? 9.Who were the ‘New Liberals’ and what did they believe? 10.Name three other reasons why the Liberals introduced welfare reform 11.Which groups of people were helped by the Liberal Welfare Reforms? 12.What year were free school meals introduced? 13.What did the Children’s Act of 1908 do? 14.What conditions were attached to the Old Aged Pension? 14. What year was the National Insurance Act passed? 15. How much was sickness benefit and how long could a man claim it for? 16. How much was unemployment benefit and how long could a man claim it for? 17. What other reform was introduced to help the unemployed? 18. Name 3 limitations of the Liberal Welfare Reforms 19. Which reform was most beneficial to the poor and why 20. On what economic grounds did people object to the reforms? 21. How did the Liberals get round this problem? 22. On what political grounds did people object to the reforms?

4. June 2008 How far do these two sources show similar attitudes towards England? Use details of the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer (9)

5. June 2008 How useful is this source to historians studying the need to help the poor in Britain in 1906? (7)

6. What is the message of this cartoon?

7. How far does this source prove that children benefitted from the Liberal Welfare Reforms?

8. Why was this cartoon published in 1908?

9. 1.Name 3 ways in which life had got better for women by 1900 2.Name 3 areas of inequality between men and women in 1900 3.How was the British Empire used an argument both for and against giving women the vote? 4.Name 2 other arguments against giving women the vote 5.Name 2 other arguments for giving women the vote 6.What were the private and public spheres? 7.Who were the NUWSS and who led them? 8.What was the fundamental difference between them and the WPSU? 9.Name 3 ways in which the NUWSS campaigned 10.How did Millicent Fawcett describe their campaign and why? 11.Describe Emmeline Pankhurst’s style of leadership 12.Put these WSPU actions into chronological order – Emily Davison’s death, Hunger Strikes, Heckling, Window Smashing 13.Why might it be argued that their campaign tactics were ineffective? 14.How did the two suffrage groups respond to the outbreak of WW1? 15.Write one sentence about women’s role in the following areas of work: Front line trenches, engineering, munitions and government 16.How did men respond to women entering the work place? 17.Which women were enfranchised in February 1918? 18.How might the Labour Party have influenced this? 19.How important was war work? 20.Did women’s lives change when WW1 ended?

10. Suffragette or Suffragist? Less than 10,000 members About 100,000 members Led by Emmeline Pankhurst Led by Millicent Fawcett Campaigned solely for female suffrage Campaigned for female suffrage and other women’s rights Heckled MPs Led a window smashing campaign Used hunger strikes as a political weapon Led the ‘Mud March’ – a massive rally focused on women’s suffrage Produced mass propaganda Worked with MPs during election campaigns Organising alternative meetings for women’s suffrage supporters during election campaigns The Cat and Mouse Act was aimed a them Emily Davison died pinning a rosette onto the King’s horse during a derby Divided over the issue of war Fully supported the war effort Burned golf courses, destroyed art work and burned down churches Led the Women’s Pilgrimage, where thousands of women walked to London, raising thousands of pounds ‘Black Friday’ – clashes with police Petitions to 10 Downing Street Chained themselves to railings Leaders fled to Paris Sent a bomb to Lloyd George’s country home

11. How far did the war improve life for women? 17. By 1919, most women had returned to the roles they had had before the war broke out. Not improved Greatly Improved 14. The number of women in domestic service fell during the war, from 1.6 million to just over 1.2 million. 10. All men over the age of 21 were given the vote in 1918. There was a concern that they would vote for the Labour Party 18. The spread of STDs among soldiers and sailors alarmed the authorities. In 1916 the government issued a regulation which stated that any woman who infected a serviceman could be imprisoned. 6. By 1919, women could be full graduates of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge 1. Many men were impressed with the work women had done during the war 8. In 1919. in Bristol, unemployed ex-servicemen rioted and overturned trams in a bid to force the Tramways Company to dismiss the women conductresses and employ the men in their place. 5. In 1918, 7 female candidates stood for election into the House of Commons 16. In 1917, the National Council for the Unmarried Mother and Child was founded, showing acceptance of illegitimacy. 19. Employment opportunities for women did increase after the war, but very gradually. 7.The Representation of the People Act of 1918 gave propertied women over the age of 30 the vote. Many MPs were worried that younger women would vote for the Labour Party. 4. Towards the end of 1916 magazines and newspapers began to encourage the idea of motherhood. In 1916 Mother’s Day was introduced to emphasise the value of mothers to the nation. 11. During the war women began to go to pubs and restaurants by themselves; they shortened their skirts and smoked in public. 13. Many landlords put up rents during the war to take advantage of women’s new earnings. Women across the country organised rent strikes and demonstrations leading the government to pass the Rent Restriction Act which kept rents at 1913 levels. 3. During the war Asquith said that women, through their munitions work, had done as much for the war effort as many men. 2. Nearly 1 million women worked in munition during the war 9.Women didn’t gain the same rights as men in divorce or custody cases until 1925 12. Over 750,000 men were killed during the First World War. 15. None of the political parties made major changes to their policies when women were given the vote.

12. Greatly improved Partially improved Not improved

13. Question 6: ‘Women were respected in the period 1890-1918’ How far do the sources and your own knowledge support this view?

14. 1.Name 3 things DORA was responsible for. 2.Give three reasons why men volunteered to fight 3.What year was the bombing of Scarborough? 4.What was ‘Business as Usual’ and why was it discouraged? 5.Why was the Derby Scheme introduced? 6.Why was conscription introduced? 7.What were ‘Conchies’ 8.When was the film ‘The Battle of the Somme released?’ 9.Why was it released? 10.When was voluntary rationing introduced? 11.Was it a success? How do we know? 12.When did Lloyd George become Prime Minister? 13.What was the ‘Munitions crisis’? 14.Why did Trade Unions want women to be paid the same as men? 15.When did the public begin to criticise the war and why? 16.How close did Germany come to ‘starving Britain out of the war’? 17.Give three pieces of evidence that government propaganda worked. 18.Give three examples of people not supporting the war effort 19.When were women given the right to vote? 20.On what date did the war end? 21.What was the British Empire Union? 22.What were David Lloyd George’s concerns as he headed to the Paris Peace Conference?

15. Why was this source published in 1915?

16. How far are you surprised by this source?

17. February 1918 How useful is this source for the historian trying to find out about food supplies during the First World War?

18. Why do these two sources gives such different views of life in Britain during the First World War?

19. ANGER & HOPE Fear of another war Economic hardship Threat to Empire Loss of homes Loss of loved ones Loss of jobs Rationing, No increase in wages, Food shortages and lack of vital supplies, limited trade GB had lent millions of pounds and owed much more! This led to economic depression Death of soldiers 750,000 GB, deaths of civilians killed by bombing and shelling. Spanish Flu also killed millions. Homes destroyed by German bombers i.e. Scarborough, Kent. French and Belgium homes destroyed Colonies within the Empire were now moving towards independence. Blind loyalty to the ‘mother’ country no longer accepted BEU campaigned to strengthen the Empire 1,500,000 Injured soldiers. Many were unable to return to work after the war. More jobs were available after the war though Had to be a mass extension of welfare services Lloyd George feared that if the Germans were punished too harshly then they would want revenge. Remembrance became obsessive

20. How useful is this source to the historian studying the Paris Peace Conference?

21. Liberal Reforms Revision Timeline 1889-1902 - Boer War, problem of national efficiency highlighted 1889 - Charles Booth publishes his findings on poverty in London 1900 -Labour Party formed 1901 -Seebohm Rowntree publishes his book on poverty in York 1906 - General Election – Liberals win, Herbert Asquith becomes PM Free School Meals Act passed 1907 - School Medical Services set up 1908 -David Lloyd George becomes Chancellor of Exchequer Old Age Pensions Act passed Children’s Act passed 1909 - Labour Exchange Programmes set up to help unemployed Lloyd George’s ‘People’s Budget’ introduced (taxes rich to pay for welfare reforms) Parliament Act passed 1911 - National Insurance Act passed: 2 parts – Sick Pay and Unemployment Benefit 1912-School Clinics

22. Votes for Women Revision Timeline 1897 -NUWSS formed (Suffragists), leader Millicent Fawcett 1901 - Queen Victoria dies – marks new beginning for women 1903 - WSPU formed (Suffragettes), leader Emmeline Pankhurst 1906 - General Election, Liberals win, Asquith becomes PM 1908 -Women’s Bill dropped from Parliament – ran out of time Direct action begins and Suffragette actions become more militant (smashing windows, chaining to Downing Street, arrests) 1911 -Asquith drops Conciliation Bill giving women the vote, even though Parliament passes it 1912 - Suffragette violence increases (arson, bombing churches, destroying valuable paintings, prison, hunger strikes) 1913 - Cat and Mouse Act Death of Emily Davison (June 1913), she becomes a martyr for the cause 1914 -Suffragists membership almost 100,000, over 500 branches – more successful WW1 starts, Suffragettes call off all militant action Suffragettes start Order of the White Feather campaign 1915 - Munitions crisis (July 1915), women recruited to work in munitions factories Many industries employ women to help war effort (1.6 million extra women workers help in war) 1916 -David Lloyd George becomes PM, replaces Asquith 1918 - Representation of the People Act becomes law, women over age of 30 who owned property were given vote (women vote for 1 st time in December 1918 general election) Armistice signed (11/11/1918) WW1 ends 1928 - Full voting rights granted to all women

23. WW1 Home Front Revision Timeline 1914 -WW1 starts (2 nd August 1914) Massive recruitment/propaganda campaign launched by Kitchener, Minister of War 500,000 volunteers by September 1914 Suffragettes start Order of the White Feather campaign Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) introduced (8 th August 1914), censorship starts Stalemate and trench warfare begins, volunteers slow down by Christmas 1915 - Munitions crisis (July 1915), women recruited to work in munitions factories Coalition government formed to help with war effort Lloyd George becomes Minister of Munitions 1916 -Conscription introduced for all single men aged 18-40 (January 1916) Conscription introduced for all married men aged 18-40 (May 1916) Battle of Somme disaster, government & generals heavily criticised (July – November) David Lloyd George becomes PM, replaces Asquith (December 1916) Propaganda film, For the Empire, audiences reach 9 million by end of 1916 1917 - Siegfried Sassoon’s war poems published criticising war leadership German U-boats sink British merchant ships carrying food supplies Voluntary food rationing 1918 - Compulsory Food Rationing introduced Representation of the People Act Armistice signed (11/11/1918) WW1 ends