1. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Chapter 7 Transmission Media

2. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer

3. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

4. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media

5. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 7.1 Guided Media Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable

6. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Twisted Pair Cable

7. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable

8. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.4 UTP and STP

9. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Effect of Noise on Parallel Lines

10. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Noise on Twisted-Pair Lines

11. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Table 7.1 Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables (EIA)

12. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.5 UTP connector

13. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 UTP Pin Assignment (Normal UTP cable) Both sides of Cable PC Hub or Switch

14. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 UTP Pin Assignment (Cross UTP cable) One side of CableThe other side of Cable PC

15. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.6 UTP performance

16. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

17. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Coaxial Cable

18. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable

19. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables CategoryImpedanceUse RG-59 75  Cable TV RG-58 50  Thin Ethernet RG-11 50  Thick Ethernet Radio Government (RG) rating

20. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Coaxial Connectors

21. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.8 BNC connectors

22. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.9 Coaxial cable performance

23. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Fiber Optic Cable

24. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Fiber Optic Glass or Plastic125 um

25. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.10 Bending of light ray n = ดัชนีหักเห

26. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.11 Optical fiber

27. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.12 Propagation modes

28. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.13 Modes

29. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Table 7.3 Fiber types TypeCoreCladdingMode 50/125 50125Multimode, graded-index 62.5/125 62.5125Multimode, graded-index 100/125100125Multimode, graded-index 7/125 7125Single-mode

30. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.14 Fiber construction

31. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.15 Fiber-optic cable connectors

32. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Fiber Optic Connector FC connectorSC connectorST connector

33. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.16 Optical fiber performance

34. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 7.2 Unguided Media: Wireless Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared

35. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

36. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.18 Propagation methods

37. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Table 7.4 Bands

38. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves Bluetooth

39. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antennas Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems.

40. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs.

41. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Microwave Satellite MicrowaveTerrestrial Microwave

42. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Land-based, line-of-sight transmission Approximately 20-30 miles maximum between towers Transmits data at hundreds of millions of bits per second Popular with telephone companies and business to business transmissions Terrestrial Microwave

43. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Often the microwave antennas are on towers and buildings

44. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Similar to terrestrial microwave except the signal travels from a ground station on earth to a satellite and back to another ground station. Satellites can be classified by how far out into orbit each one is (LEO, MEO, GEO, and HEO). Satellite Communication

45. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Satellite Microwave LEO - Low Earth Orbit – 100 miles Used for pagers, wireless e-mail, special mobile telephones, spying, videoconferencing. MEO - Middle Earth Orbit - 1000 miles. Used for GPS and government. GEO - Geosynchronous Orbit - 22,300 miles. Used for weather, television, and government operations.

46. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Geosynchronous Orbit

47. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 HEO Orbit A fourth type of orbit used by the military for spying and by scientific organizations for photographing celestial bodies. When satellite is far out into space, it takes photos. When satellite is close to earth, it transmits data.

48. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Cellular System

49. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Infared Transmission Infrared signals can be used for short-range communication in a closed area using line-of-sight propagation.

50. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Infared Transmission Short-range communication Frequency 100 GHz – 1000 THz Use a focused ray of light Point-to-point Line-of-sight 100 Kbps – 16 Mbps Broadcast Reflective 1 Mbps Device-to-device transfers remote control PDA Notebook Cellular phone IrDA standard: Infrared Data Association

51. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Bluetooth

52. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004

53. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Bluetooth Operate in noisy radio frequency environments 2.402 GHz - 2.480 GHz omni-directional Point-to-multipoint frequency-hopping scheme 79 hops (RF channels) 1 MHz apart. bandwidth is reduced in Japan, France and Spain The maximum frequency hopping rate is 1600 hops/s link range Usually 10 centimeters to 10 meters Can be extended to more than 100 meters by increasing the transmit power Small amounts of data 1Mbps over short distances (up to 10 meters).

54. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Bluetooth Very Low power device Based on the IEEE 802.11 standard Not designed to carry heavy traffic loads Fast acknowledgement

55. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Media Selection Criteria Cost Speed Distance Delay Expandability Environment Security