2. Do Now: What are the positives and negatives of Manifest Destiny?

3. The Causes Of The Civil War 1820-1860

4. The Question Should slavery be allowed in the “new territories”?

5. 1- Maine becomes a free state 2- Missouri becomes a slave state 3- Slavery will be outlawed in any new state north of Missouri’s southern border

7. Why was it important to maintain a balance between free and slave states in Congress? Equality ensured that no one side would have the power to pass a law regarding slavery that the other side disliked.

8. Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin The Cotton Gin made it possible to clean 50 times more cotton per day

9. Southern Cotton Production in 1820

10. Southern Cotton Production in 1860

11. Southern Population

12. Slave-Owning Population (1850) Only about 350,000 families owned slaves out of a white population of 6 Million

13. Characteristics of the South 1.Primarily agricultural. 2.Slavery and Cotton essential to the economy 3.Little industrialization. 4.Inadequate transportation system.

14. Tariff Of Abominations (1828) Favors the Industrialized North Hated by South South Carolina argues for Nullification

15. States Rights vs. Strong Central Government Strict interpretation of Constitution that powers not delegated (given) to Federal Government belong to states

16. All was quiet until…. The Mexican War (1846-1848) …when slavery became an issue again The U.S. won the Mexican Cession and had to decide whether or not to allow slavery

18. 1- California becomes a free state 2- popular sovereignty would be used to decide if slavery would be allowed in New Mexico 3- Stronger Fugitive Slave law

19. …and now some more vocabulary PPopular Sovereignty- the people in a territory decide whether or not to allow slavery FFugitive Slave Law- Law requiring all citizens, both northern & southern, to help catch and return runaway slaves. Hmmm, Slavery? No slavery?

20. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (published 1852) By Harriet Beecher Stowe, (a northerner) One of the most influential books ever written, this novel, which dramatized the cruelties of slavery, sold 300,000 copies the first year

21. An Anti-Slavery Bestseller! Northerners Helped change the way northerners felt about slavery. Northerners now saw slavery as a MORAL ISSUE which they could no longer ignore Southerners Outraged by the book! Southerners claimed the book, which was also made into a play, did not give a true picture of slave life One of the most important books in American history!

22. Three Views of Slavery Abolitionist- Wanted to totally end slavery in the United States Moderate- Wanted to stop the spread of slavery in the United States Pro-Slavery- Did not feel that slavery was wrong

23. The Kansas- Nebraska Act (1854) Proposed by Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas

24. 1- Louisiana Purchase divided in to 2 territories Kansas and Nebraska 2- popular sovereignty would be used to decide if slavery would be allowed in these territories

25. Wilmot Proviso - The passage of the Wilmot Proviso, which prevented the introduction of slavery into lands acquired after the Mexican-American War, further polarized northern and southern politicians on the issue of slavery.Wilmot Proviso

26. Ostend Manifesto - In a bungled attempt to annex Cuba from Spain, Northern abolitionists became suspicious of a conspiracy to extend the reach of slavery, which further soured relations between the North and South.Ostend Manifesto

27. What Happens When People Are Asked to Decide Whether or Not To Allow Slavery?

28. “Bleeding Kansas”  Popular sovereignty caused a small scale civil war in Kansas  Battles broke out between pro-slavery settlers and anti- slavery settlers  200 died in 4 months Both Nebraska and Kansas eventually became free states

30. The Republican Party (1856) The Republican Party was created in 1856 by Northerners who were committed to stopping the spread of slavery This was the first time sectional political parties developed over the issue of slavery

31. Abraham Lincoln A member of the House of Representatives from Illinois, Lincoln joined the Republican Party to stop the spread of slavery Lincoln believed slavery was morally wrong, but he was not an abolitionist

32. The Dred Scott Decision (1857) If a slave is brought to a free state does that make him automatically free?

34. Scott v. Sanford The Supreme Court decided that:  Slaves were not citizens, so they could not bring sue  Slaves were property  5 th Amendment protects property, and because slaves were property, Congress could not ban slavery in the territories Southerners were overjoyed with the decision

35. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) Abraham Lincoln 1.opposed to slavery in the territories. 2.no desire to interfere with slavery where it already existed Stephen Douglas 1.popular sovereignty For the position of Illinois senator

36. John Brown’s Raid (1859) Abolitionist who tried to raid the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry,Virginia. His plan was to arm the slaves and start a slave uprising.

37. Brown was captured and put on trial. He was convicted of murder and treason, and then hung.

39. Hero or Villain? The North Brown became a hero in the north. Many considered him a martyr because he was willing to give his life for his beliefs The South Southerners were outraged by Brown’s actions. Many became convinced that the North wanted to destroy slavery Northerner’s sang, “John Brown’s body lies a mold’ring in The grave, but his soul goes marching on….”

40. The Election of 1860 oSoStephen Douglas- Northern Democrats Believed in popular sovereignty oJoJohn Breckinridge- Southern Democrats Pro-slavery oJoJohn Bell- Constitutional Union Party Wanted to keep the Union together oAoAbraham Lincoln- Republican Wanted to stop the spread of slavery There were four candidates for president

41. Sectionalism: Loyalty to a region or state as opposed to the whole nation

44. …And The Winner Was Abraham Lincoln! With less than 40% of the vote

45. Secession! To many Southerners, Lincoln’s election meant that the South no longer had a voice in government. They believed that the President and Congress were now set against their interests – especially slavery Secede- to withdraw from the country The first state to secede was South Carolina on December 20, 1860

47. Jefferson Davis- President of the Confederate States of America Secession- the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity.

49. The Confederacy 11 Southern States seceded

50. The Union Is Broken The Confederate States of America were formed in 1861. Jefferson Davis was elected President and Richmond, Virginia became the capital of The Confederacy

51. The American Civil War The Recipe for War Failure of Compromise Kansas-Nebraska Act Sectionalism & Tariff Issues Uncle Tom’s Cabin Dred Scott Decision John Brown’s Raid Election of Abraham Lincoln

52. Civil War, 1861  Lincoln would do anything to save the Union  Lincoln believed that secession was unconstitutional  Lincoln faced a terrible dilemma when The Confederacy began seizing federal forts in the South………….

53. Fort Sumter, 1861 Fort Sumter guarded Charleston, South Carolina. On April 11, 1861, The Confederacy demanded that The United States troops leave the fort When Major Robert Anderson refused to surrender the Fort, Confederate guns opened fire. on April 13, 1861, Anderson surrendered the fort…marking the start of the Civil War

54. A House Divided… Lincoln believed that the nation could not survive if it remained divided by slavery. On June 16, 1858, he stated: “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.” What was Lincoln’s house????