1. Ortho Diseases and Disorders

2. Avascular Necrosis = death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone Eti: injury, fracture, dislocation near a blood supply S/S: pain Tx: surgery to remove dead bone, bone graft, joint replacement a- = without Vascul/o- blood vessel -ar = pert. to necr/o- = dead cells, tissue, or body -osis = abnormal condition; process

3. Chondromala cia patellae = abnormal softening of patella Eti: caused by thinning and uneven wear S/S: crepitus, pain, mal- alignment TX: strengthening thigh muscles to correct patella tracking Chondr/o- = cartilage Malac/o - = softening -ia = condition; state; thing

4. Osteomalac ia = abnormal softening of bone Eti: lack of calcium, Vit D, inadequate exposure to sun Tx: Vit D supplements, sun exposure. oste/o- = bone malac/o- = softening -ia = condition; state; thing

5. Osteomyeli tis =infection of bone and bone marrow Eti: bacterial infection following open fracture, crush injury, or surgery S/S: swelling, pain, fever Tx: antibiotics oste/o- = bone myel/o- = bone marrow -itis = inflammation of

6. Ankylosin g spondyliti s Eti: chronic inflammation of vertebrae S/S: fibrosis, decreased ROM, stiffening of spine TX: NSAIDS, PT ankyl/o- = fused together -osing = a condition of doing spondyl/o- = vertebrae -itis = inflammation of

7. Gout Eti: metabolic disorder, high levels of uric acid. S/S: sudden severe pain, throbbing joints Tx: avoid foods with high uric acid, drugs

8. Hemarthro sis = blood in the joint cavity Eti: blunt force trauma, penetrating wound S/S: bruising, bleeding in capsule, swelling, redness, LOF TX: aspiration of blood from cavity, corticosteroids, surgery hem/o- = blood arthr/o- = joint -osis = condition

9. Osteoarthriti s Eti: chronic inflammation/overuse of joints, especially weight bearing S/S: pain, joint stiffness, crepitus Tx: PT, analgesic drugs, NSAIDS, corticosteroid injections oste/o- = bone arthr/o- = joint -itis = inflammation of

10. Pectus Excavatum Eti: congenital S/S: sternum/xyphoid process bends inward, hollow depression in chest Tx: surgery (severe cases) Latin: “hollowed chest”

11. Genu Valgum “knock knee” Eti: congenital, more common in females S/S: knees rotate in towards midline

12. Genu Varum “bow legged” Eti: congenital S/S: knees rotate laterally away from each other

13. Hallux Valgus “bunions” Eti: great toe is angled laterally toward other toes. Seen in women who wear pointy shoes S/S: visual deformity at base of great toe Tx: corrective shoes, surgery