1. MODU and maritime security
Familiarization with the ISPS code

2. Introduction to Maritime security
Under the ISPS code and more
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

3. MARITIME SECURITY: what is it ?
Maritime security is when:
Sensibles informations, sensible equipment, specific persons, activities, ships or buildings or areas….are protected against (ISPS B 8.9):
Sabotage, spying, subversion, terrorism, armed attacks and …. associated illegal activities as:

4. Stowaways, tampering with cargoes, illegal traficking, arson, mutinies or illegal strikes or protests in our industry,
Unauthorized use or access of the ship
Hi-jacking or seizure of the ship or persons (hostages) on board
Attack of the ship whilst at sea, at anchor or in port

5. The ISPS code: what is it ?
International Ship and Port facility Security code issued by IMO
Applies to all « SOLAS ships » and « Port facilities » receiving or providing services to these ships»
In force from the 1st July 2004 and appears in a new Chapter XI- 2 of SOLAS 74 as amended

6. Divided in two parts:
Part A mandatory
Part B recommandations and details for the implementation of part A

7. WHO is CONCERNED ? Following ships working at the international trade
All passager ships including HSC
All cargo ships above 500 GT including OSV
Self propelled offshore units (MODU) above 500 GT and finally all floating units subjected to SOLAS

8. Port Facilities : cargo or passengers terminals, warehouses storage of sensitive goods, fuel reservoirs, floating dry docks, offshore loading units as SBM ) connected to ships’ activities including waiting berths, anchoring areas and seaside areas

9. OBJECTIVES of the ISPS Code
To offers an international cooperative framework between governments and/or their involved Administrations and the shipping and port industries in order to detect threats and take all necessary protection and safeguard measures
To Establish tasks and responsabilities of all participants

10. To ensure quick transmission of security information
To offer security assessment methods for establishing security plans and procedures
… and give ensurance to every stakeholders that adequate and proportionned measures are implemented on board the ship, the unit and in the port facility

11. Why the ISPS Code ?
11th Septembre 2001
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

12. IMMEDIATES REACTIONS to this terrorist attack
Amount of security measures in the US
Specific law (Patriot Act)
Personal confidential information on all persons trying to travel to US including the seafarers on board their ship or going to embark somewhere in an US port or on baord a unit in US waters

13. Constant assessment of security threats provoked by transport of goods and persons by air, sea or road
Implementation of security measures in the ports in the same manner as in the airports
Monitoring and control of cargoes going to the US via ports (100% scanning of containers expected in coming years)

14. ATTACK of M/T LIMBURG in YEMEN waters
Again in octobre 2002!
ATTACK of M/T LIMBURG in YEMEN waters

15. Consequences for the Maritime Industry
Security measures were already in force in the passengers maritime transport anyway!
After the NEW YORK events, the International Maritime Organization with a UN mandate has adopted new provisions seeking to re-inforce maritime security (Amendements to the SOLAS Convention and issuance of the ISPS Code)

16. Ships and self propelled units cant work without a certificate
List of conform port facilities in an IMO data base (GISIS/security) accessible for companies and shipmasters

17. but
US Black list of facilities not complying to the ISPS code!
Example: Not officially a black list but only a « port security advisory » notice (last one June 2014)

18. Countries affected
Ports of Cambodia, Cameroon, Comores, Cote d’ivoire, Cuba, Liberia, Nigeria, Yemen etc.. with certain exemption
Vessel arriving to USA from ports listed above must take security actions:
Ensure secure guarding of the ship and will be visited by the USCG before entering in the US port
Additional security measusres may be decided by CG including necessity of armed guards!

19. These provisions are the international framework through which governments, ships and ports must cooperate for detecting security threats and discouraging these acts which threatened the security of persons, assets (ships, ports infrastructures and goods ) in our industry.

20. In general: What kind of measures finally ?
Vigilance
Information and intelligence
Designation od security responsible persons
Security risks assessment
Security plans: measures for 3 different security levels

21. Approvals,Verifications of conformity to the ISPS Code, verifications of reality of operation of plans
Certification of conformity for ships (certificates) and approval & sometimes statement of compliance for port facilities
Drills and Exercises, Reviews and Audits for ships and ports facilities

22. VIGILANCE fixed by the security level
The security levels are decided by the governments (flag or port) only There are 3 levels: 1, 2 and 3 Level 0 does not exist

23. Level 1:
Minimum permanent security measures

24. Level 2:
Additional but temporary security measures due to an increasing of security risk

25. Level 3
Exceptional temporary security measures due to a probable or imminent security incident

26. Other parts of Maritime Security

27. INFORMATION / INTELLIGENCE
Initial information and traceability of the ship, the owner, the operator, the members of the crew, the charterers, passengers, the ports visited, ports of destination and final receiver body of the cargo

28. Transmission of sensible informations from governments (intelligence services ) or from ships (security information or assessment in ports or sea areas )
Or satellite monitoring (safeseanet)

29. Security measures in place along the coast, in sea areas, bays , mooring areas,port entrance and inside the ports

30. Persons in charge of Security of ships and port facilities
In addition of the responsibilities at national level, the following functions have been created:
SSO (Ship Security Officer): Officer of the ship designated by the Company and responsible in front of the Master for the implementation of the ship security plan
CSO (Company Security Officer): Person responsible of ships security in the Company (all or part of ships)

31. For facilities and ports
PFSO (Port Facility Security Officer): Person responsible for the implementation of the port facility security plan
PSO (Port Security Officer): Person in charge of the Port security
NB Port security plan includes the coordination of the different facilities security plans

32. ISPS requirements for SOLAS SHIPS and MODUS
Ship’s IMO number welded in a visible place outside and inside the ship
Continuous Synopsis Report (identification document of the ship used as a traceability document also)
Ship Security Alert System (SSAS as a « panic button »)
SSA- Ship Security Assessment: formal security risk evaluation in relation of the ship, line and security situation
SSP – Ship Security Plan : measures taken on board for the three security levels and associated ISSCertificate

33. Master’s discretion for safety and security
Initial training of CSO, SSO and rest of the crew
Continuous training of personnel via security drills& exercises
Implementation of a security management system: audits, reviews for correctives actions
Feedback system in order to implement preventive actions

34. ISPS requirements for Port facilities
PFSA – Port Facility Security Assessment: formal assessment of protection of the facility in front of the possible threats. Normally carried out by the port state security Authority or a RSO on its behalf
PFSP - Port Facility Security Plan: implementation of protection measures at each security level + emergency procedures in case of security incident
Security management system in each facility and in the port

35. Approval by government and Periodical review (5 years max)
Each port facility must have a Port Facility Security Officer
Initial training of officers and port personnel including port workers or dockers
Security control system of ships before arrival (information requested and possible random visit at sea) and visit when alongside

36. Certification
Any SOLAS ship or MODUmust hold an ISSC ( International Ship Security Certificate) valid 5 years maximum)
A port facility can hold a SoCPF ou Statement of Compliance of a Port Facility issued by the State designated security authority (this is not mandatory).

37. Other recommandations from IMO
Implementation of the ISPS Code to non SOLAS ships as:
Cabotage and Ships under 500 GT
All passenger ships (national trade),
Offshore units: all Floating (as ships) or fixed platforms (as facility)

38. Consequences: Implementation of a security policy
Permanent security vigileace of the personnel
Identification of persons authorized to enter in the port, in the facility or to board a ship : smart pass/electronic card
Installation of fences, access control, security locks
Anti-piracy measures including armed guards on board in high risk areas
IMO has warned ports to facilitate the crew shore leaves

39. Permanent monitoring with recording of entrance and areas : strong lighting, CCTV or PTZ cameras (infra-red or movement detection systems)
Search of persons and vehicules ( body scan - metal detection devices –scan of luggage)

40. Scan of containers/Monitoring of activities or port operations (patrols)
Coordination of Port emergency safety and security procedures
But: Difficulties to go ashore for the crews and to board the ship for visitors or other guests

41. Still some bottlenecks
Conventionally IMO has no power on ports It has only power to regulate over the interface ship/terminal which is the « facility »
IMO and ILO have, of course, rapidly issued guidelines for port security at the same time as the ISPS code

42. These guidelines are not mandatory but the EU has made them mandatory to its members
Since the ISPS code, Maritime anti-piracy measures have been considered has a part of maritime seurity

43. IMO security data base
The GISIS data base (Global Integrated Shipping Information System) of IMO is a public data base
Can be reached via
Then Maritime security

44. A initial identification is necessary for statistical reasons
The national contacts are displaid as well as the Recognized Security Organizations with their delegation of power
The port facilities security informations are exposed by country, ports and facilities
The informations are introduced (password) in the data base by each Designated National Maritime Security Authority

45. Results (2011)
Terrorism against ship has been dramatically reduced but piracy and hostage taking is increasing in some regions despite all measures in place.

46. Security of the complete chain of transport is under the sunlights but it is a huge and costly challenge
While the scanning of 100% of containers towards USA is still quite an impossible dream!

47. Responsibilities of SOLAS Contracting Governments for their ships or MODUS
To establish security levels, taking into account the security threat
To quickly broadcast the security level to the ships entitled to fly their flag , and
To broadcast by suitable means the possible changes when the circumstances require it: rising or lowering of the Security level

48. Remarks on the security levels
If the measures expected on level 1 are permanent, the measures determined on level 2 are temporary according to the decision of the Government of the flag. According to the risks related to the nationality of the flag, level 2 is sometimes necessary for long periods or for some areas in the world.
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

49. Level 3 is an exceptional level and is taken only following a reliable information but it is normally of a short duration
The security level can obviously pass directly from level 1 to level 3 according to the threat

50. Communication of information for ships or MODUs security
The contracting governments must communicate to IMO the following information:
Name and contact details of the national authority responsible for the security of the ships of its flag
Names and contact details of those in charge to receive security alerts from their ships (flying their flag)

51. Names and contact details of those which can give advice or assistance to ships and to which the ships can report any security problem
This information must constantly be up dated
This information appears in the IMO data base GISIS accessible to Companies, masters and even the public via imo.org and « Security data base »

52. Other information (1)
The contracting governments must communicate to IMO, and also to the other contracting governments, the name and the contact details of the persons(s) available 24h/24 to receive communications from other contracting governments exercising measures related to the control of their ships somewhere around the world (SOLAS XI-2 reg 9)

53. Other information (2)
The contracting governments must communicate the name and the contact details of the RSOs authorized to act on their behalf for the ships of their flag The following conditions must be specified: specific responsibilities and particular conditions of their authority This information must be kept up-to-date and available on the IMO data base GISIS

54. The Ship Security Plan or SSP
Responsibilities of contracting governments regarding the SSP of ships entitled to fly their flag
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

55. What is a Ship Security Plan ?
It is an action plan established in order to guarantee the application of necessary security measures on board a ship in order to protect the persons on board (crew or passengers), the cargo, the ship store and the ship itself against the risks of a security incident
The security measures must be stated for each of the three security levels
They are really preventive measures against security incidents and also measures to react in order to decrease the consequences of an incident
The plan will also be able to include all associated measures like the description of the implementation activities of the plan (day to day application and drills) and their recording
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

56. Contracting governments responsibilities regarding the SSP
The Administration charged by the government (or the government itself) must approve the security plan of each ship practising on international trade and which is entitled to fly its flag
This approval is given after a review for conformity of the plan with the ISPS Code and a mandatory on site survey of the ship
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

57. Delegation of responsibilities
A contracting government can delegate to an Recognized Security Organization (RSO) some part of its responsibilities.
With regard to the ships entitled to fly its flag, a government can delegate the review and the approval of the Ships Security Plans to a RSO.
This RSO has to be agreed according to some criteria which are at least equivalent to those stated in the part B of code ISPS (B 4.3) and in MSC circular1074 of June 2003
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

58. Responsibilities of the contracting governments regarding the operation of a SSP
The contracting government, if it considers that is suitable, must test the Ships security plans which it has approved or the plans which were approved on its behalf by an approved RSO
In the same manner it must test any possible SSP amendments which could be included from time to time.

59. Declaration of Security or DOS
A declaration of security is a reciprocal agreement concluded between a ship and a port facility or another ship when an interface occurs.
This agreement specifies the security measures that each party will apply during the interface
The conditions when a DOS must be filled up is a decision of the contracting governments.
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

60. Responsibilities of a contracting governments regarding the DOS
To determine when a DOS is necessary for its ships by analyzing the risks of the facility or ship interface for the persons, the cargo and the environment.
The reason can be: ships, ports or facilities are at risk
The government must also decide the minimal conservation time of the DOS worked out by its ships
This decision must be in the form of instructions or guidance to the ships or included in the maritime security law
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

61. Other responsibilities of a contracting government
To provide adequate identity documents for the identification of their officers when the ship enters in the port (pilots) or when going on board (port officers - customs) (ISPS B 4.18)
To set up procedure for fast and effective checking of the authenticity of these identity documents

62. Reminder: responsibilities of contracting governments regarding the ships entitled to fly their flag
To clarify the measures to be taken by the ship when the port facility, or the other ship, is not obliged to have an approved security plan
To set up general guidelines for the ships to reduce security risks and in particular guidelines on the measures to be taken at the three security levels when the ship moves towards an risk zone or when it has a security incident or when a threat appeared for the ship when at sea
In the event of imminent attack, the ship must be able to establish a direct communication link with the national authority in charge of ships security
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

63. To envisage the possibility to supply to the ship or the port of an armed team for monitoring or a sea/air escort during the call or transit time in territorial waters
To give the last information on the closed or restricted areas for the protection of other ships

64. To rectify if needed the safe manning crew for its ships by taking account of the total workload (periodic analysis for example)
To provide a continuous synoptis report (CSR)to every ship entitled to fly its flag

65. And at last
To provide sufficient rapid deployment of armed force in the event of a security alert on a ship, whatever it is, in one of its ports or along its coasts
To seek agreements with the other governments for having rapid deployment of armed forces in their ports and along their coasts in order to be able to quickly help one of its ships having initiated its security alert system

66. Approval of Ships Security Plans
When the contracting government ensures itself the verification of its ships Security Plans, it must:
Review and approve the security plan of each ship or MODU entitled to fly its flag
Specify the parts of the plan which can be amended without its approval
Issue the security certificate of the ship (ISSC)

67. Recommandations Ship or MODU security assessment
Internal audits and reviews
Training of peresonnel
Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR

68. TRAINING
The training of all personnel involved in security of ships is the first thing to be organized
The training of the administration officers in charge of rewiewing and approval of security assessment and plans is of primary importance: the credibility of the flag can depends on this!

69. ISPS training of the SSO (STCW) and the CSO is essential; the IMO model courses are a base of great value
By experience we can say that the operation of a Ship security plan (SSP) is subject to the motivation of the entire crew even with the corresponding STCW certificates
To reach such a motivation, there is only one method: train and train again the personnel!

70. Methods
We have to remember that when a RSO acts on behalf of the contracting government, this government remains responsible for the quality of the operations carried out.
So, a follow-up and a checking of the activities of the RSO are of primary importance and this could be carried out only by qualified officers (MSC circular 1074).

71. National security strategy
The development of a doctrine or startegy ( or includes ion the security law or arrêté) will help to gather all instructions or recommendations of the government concerning the protection measures against security incidents as well as advice to the ship for conformity to possible national interpretations of the code.

72. For Piracy the government can recommend to follow the IMO/Industry guidelines (BMP 4) while requiring an increased Security level for high risk areas

73. CONTRACTING GOVERNMENT
FLOW CHART of MARITIME SECURITY COMPLIANCE to SOLAS XI-2 and the ISPS CODE
Agreements with other government for reac tion
Definition of Port Facilities
TEST of SECURITY PLANS
APPROVAL of PFSAs
APPROVAL of PFSPs
SET UP of SECURITY LEVEL
RSO
agreement
CONTRACTING GOVERNMENT
POINT of CONTACT for IMO GISIS
NATIONAL AUTHORITY Responsible for SHIP’s Security
RECEPTION of
SSAS
NATIONAL AUTHORITY Responsible for PORT FACILITY Security
24/7 answer to Assistance notifications and concerns
NATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS for SHIP SECURITY
NATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS for PORT SECURITY
24/7 POINT of CONTACT for other Government for their ships
Conditions of SSA & SSP
Conditions of PFSA & PFSP
Condition of DOS
APPROVAL of SSPs
TRACECAMAR II