1. The Spread of Communism

2. Communism: offered a method of organizing a state under independent rule which proved to be a powerful rallying call to the Asian people. The alternatives included a return to the rigid hierarchies of the past or authoritarian rule.

3. Karl Marx, the founder of Communism and co-author of the Communist Manifesto stated that Communism would really only work if there was some sort of revolution, and reactionaries of the revolution were “dealt with”. Karl Marx, the founder of Communism and co-author of the Communist Manifesto stated that Communism would really only work if there was some sort of revolution, and reactionaries of the revolution were “dealt with”.

4. Korea Firm believers of the Freedom of choice, America feared the “Domino Effect” of Communism in SEA: if one country fell to Communism they would all fall. Firm believers of the Freedom of choice, America feared the “Domino Effect” of Communism in SEA: if one country fell to Communism they would all fall.

5. Korea Japan was ousted from Korea after WWII. Japan was ousted from Korea after WWII. By 1950 a civil war ensued By 1950 a civil war ensued The Soviet Union and China sided with the North and Kim Il Sung The Soviet Union and China sided with the North and Kim Il Sung The United States sided with the South and Syngman Rhee The United States sided with the South and Syngman Rhee

6. Korea The war became a stalemate with a truce the only way out. It took two years of peace talks, but finally, in July 1953, an armistice was signed. The war became a stalemate with a truce the only way out. It took two years of peace talks, but finally, in July 1953, an armistice was signed. Korea was to remain divided at what is called the 38 th parallel, or the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) Korea was to remain divided at what is called the 38 th parallel, or the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

7. Korea Kim Il Sung’s son, Kim Jong-Il, was in control of North Korea Kim Il Sung’s son, Kim Jong-Il, was in control of North Korea Considered the first Dynastic Communist Government Considered the first Dynastic Communist Government Kim Jong-Il became ill, and transferred his power to his youngest; Kim Jong-Un. Kim Jong-Il became ill, and transferred his power to his youngest; Kim Jong-Un.

8. Vietnam After WWII the U.S. supported Ho Chi Minh (communist) against the Japanese. 1945 - Japanese withdrew from Vietnam, but the French wanted it back French-Indochina War (1946- 54)

9. Vietnam US and British supported the French Russia and China supported the Communists French were defeated because of: 1. Guerrilla warfare 2. Nationalism

10. Vietnam Geneva Accords: treaty that divided Vietnam: North (Communist) and South Vietnam (non- communist) Treaty supported free elections in 1956 - never took place National Liberation Front (NLF): Vietcong moved into Southern Vietnam

11. Vietnam America sent military advisors (boot camp) for South Vietnamese 1964: Tensions rise with the Gulf of Tonkin incident: two US ships attacked. President Johnson sends 500,000 troops 1973: treaty signed by representatives of North/South By 1975 the whole country was in Communist hands

12. Vietnam US supplied Evacuation for refugees (boat people – 100,000+) Large economic problems today: in debt Vietnam War: couldn’t identify enemy. Famous saying was: “if they run they are Vietcong, if they stand still they are smart Vietcong, skilled women and children? Don’t lead them as much” Anonymous American Soldier

13. Vietnam Called an insurgence to get US people to back it US learned a lesson: do no get involved in civil wars unless our national interests are threatened (Iraq/Serbs-oil) When we committed troops Johnson knew we would not win, but on tapes said he did not want communism to take over US knew it had to bomb N. Vietnam and send in Marines – didn’t do it

14. Vietnam TV showed citizens what was happening for the first time Elites lost face: people began questioning the government (protests, draft dodgers)

15. Cambodia

16. The name Khmer Rouge, which means "Red Khmers," was given to a left-wing Cambodian faction in the 1950s. The name Khmer Rouge, which means "Red Khmers," was given to a left-wing Cambodian faction in the 1950s.Khmer RougeKhmer Rouge The group had people who followed the Communist Party of Kampuchea in the 1970s The group had people who followed the Communist Party of Kampuchea in the 1970s Led by Pol Pot, it gained control of Cambodia in 1975. Led by Pol Pot, it gained control of Cambodia in 1975. Then began one of the century's worst massacres. Then began one of the century's worst massacres.Cambodia

17. Pol Pot declared "Year Zero" and began a radical program to create an idealized agrarian communist society. Pol Pot declared "Year Zero" and began a radical program to create an idealized agrarian communist society. He crushed social institutions such as banking and religion and emptied cities of their inhabitants. He crushed social institutions such as banking and religion and emptied cities of their inhabitants.Cambodia

18. Intellectuals and anyone else seen as standing in the way of the new social order were mercilessly killed. Intellectuals and anyone else seen as standing in the way of the new social order were mercilessly killed. Many of those who escaped execution died from overwork and starvation. Many of those who escaped execution died from overwork and starvation.Cambodia

19. Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge attempted genocide of the Cambodian people. Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge attempted genocide of the Cambodian people. Among the first evidence of the horror was a "killing field“ uncovered in 1980. Among the first evidence of the horror was a "killing field“ uncovered in 1980. The death toll: The death toll: certainly more than a millioncertainly more than a million perhaps two millionperhaps two millionCambodia

20. Phnom Penh High School Cambodia One of the worst groups to massacre was the Khmer Rouge secret police They turned Phnom Penh high school into its headquarters, renamed S-21. Thousands were tortured and executed in former classrooms.

21. The school has now been refashioned into the Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocide. The school has now been refashioned into the Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocide. Thousands of pictures of Khmer Rouge victims hang on its walls Thousands of pictures of Khmer Rouge victims hang on its walls People were duly photographed, then tortured and killed. People were duly photographed, then tortured and killed.Cambodia

22. The Khmer Rouge was ousted from power by a Vietnamese invasion in 1979. The Khmer Rouge was ousted from power by a Vietnamese invasion in 1979.Cambodia

23. Afghanistan In 1979 The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan In 1979 The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan The U.S. supported native Afghan rebels and Middle Eastern supporters (think Osama Bin Laden) The U.S. supported native Afghan rebels and Middle Eastern supporters (think Osama Bin Laden)

24. Afghanistan The U.S. was successful in supplying weapons to the rebels The U.S. was successful in supplying weapons to the rebels By 1989 the Soviets pulled out of Afghanistan By 1989 the Soviets pulled out of Afghanistan

25. Afghanistan With the Soviets gone, a power vacuum was left to be filled. With the Soviets gone, a power vacuum was left to be filled. The Taliban, and extreme form of Islam took over in 1996. The Taliban, and extreme form of Islam took over in 1996. The Taliban was backed by Pakistan and funded by Saudi Arabia The Taliban was backed by Pakistan and funded by Saudi Arabia

26. Afghanistan The Taliban put a strangle hold on Afghanistan The Taliban put a strangle hold on Afghanistan Women were devalued Women were devalued Boys were drafted into combat Boys were drafted into combat Strict Islamic Shar’ia Law was implemented Strict Islamic Shar’ia Law was implemented