1. White Bark Pine Regeneration Theresa Jain, John Schwandt, Paul Zambino Direct Seed Seedling Versus

2. Planted SeedlingsSeed Caches 3 seed per cache

3. Yellowstone Club Direct Seeding 2009, 2010, 2012 2013 Time Warm stratified Not Stratified 0.75”1.5”0.75”1.5” Late June XXXX Late July XXXX Late Sept. XXXX Caged Not caged Warm StratifiedX X ScarifiedX X Warm stratified/ scarified XX Sawtell Teton

4. Experimental Design 2009, 2010, 2012 Each site Block 1 Block 2 Block 4 Block 3 Block 5 20 seeds Per Treatment

5. Direct Seed Results Year Implemented 2014 Measurement 20095-year 20104-year 20122-year 20131-year

6. Direct Seeding

7. Caged Seed versus Not Caged Seed

8. Germination: Cage vs No Cage % % % %

9. Germination

10. No. of seed

12. Seed Caches Poor Response Individual Seeds More Successful

13. Seedlings

14. Seedling Survival No. of seedlings

17. Conclusion