2. Plant Physiology Essential Standard 3.00: Summarize Plant Anatomy

3. Objective 3.01 Discuss biological terms used to describe plants.

4. Plant Sciences Biology-the branch of science that deals with both plant and animal organisms and life processes –Zoology-the part of biology that deals with animals –Botany the part of biology that deals with plants

5. Plant Sciences Applied plant sciences are based on the purposes for which the plants are grown –Agronomy –Forestry –Horticulture

6. Agronomy The science and practice of growing field crops such as cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn and soybeans.

7. Forestry The science and practice of growing, managing and harvesting trees for building materials and other products.

8. Horticulture The science and practice of growing, processing and marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants

9. Life Cycles of Plants Annual-a plant that completes its life cycle in one year Biennial-a plant that completes its life cycle in two years –Usually grows vegetatively first year, then reproductively second year Perennial-a plant that lives more than two years

10. Leaf Retention Deciduous-loses leaves during the dormant season –Ex: maples, oaks Evergreen-keeps leaves and remains green year-round –Ex: pines

11. Plant Hormones Several types of hormones are used to help plants work more efficiently. –Inhibitors – hormone that slows growth –Cytokinins – promotes cell division, delays leaves falling off –Gibberellins – promotes plant growth –Auxins – promotes root and bud formation

12. Inhibitors Inhibitors hasten fruit ripening, retain seed germination and stem elongation.

13. Cytokinins Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division.

14. Gibberellias Hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering, and breaking of dormancy.

15. Auxins Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement

16. Moisture in Plants Turgid-plant is swollen or filled with moisture Wilted-plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture

17. Plant Growth Dormant –A plant rests or grows very little –Plants will generally go dormant in response to an adverse condition Extreme heat Extreme cold

18. Season Crop Type Cool Season –Plants relish cool weather –Pansies grow best in spring or fall Warm Season –Grow best in summer and early fall Zinnia Marigold Vinca Poinsettia