1. CHAPTER 25 ACIDS AND BASES

2. ACIDS Acid: a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) in a water solution  The formula for an acid usually starts with H HCl—hydrochloric acid H 2 SO 4 —sulfuric acid  Properties of acids: sour taste corrosive reacts with some metals turns litmus paper red

3. Common acids:  citric acid:citrus fruits  lactic acid:in yogurt  acetic acid:vinegar Strong acids:  Sulfuric acid—H 2 SO 4  Hydrochloric acid—HCl  lemons

4. BASES Base: a substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH - ) in a water solution  The formula for a base usually ends in OH KOH—potassium hydroxide NaOH—sodium hydroxide  Properties of bases: feels slippery tastes bitter corrosive turns litmus paper blue

5. Common bases:  soap  oven cleaner  ammonia  antacids Strong bases:  Sodium hydroxide---NaOH  Ammonia  lye

6. pH SCALE pH Scale: used to measure the concentration of H + ions in a solution; ranges from 0-14  pH <7 is an acid  pH 7 is neutral  pH >7 is a base strongstrong acid neutral base 1---------------------------------7--------------------------------14 weak weak acid base

7. NEUTRALIZATION REACTION Neutralization reaction: when an acid and a base react a salt and water is formed 2HCl + Ca(OH) 2  CaCl 2 + 2H 2 O acid base salt water HCl + NaHCO 3  NaCl + H 2 O + CO 2 acid +base salt + water