1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:How a Community Handles Issues Section 2:Section 2:Education and Social Issues Section 3:Section 3:Environmental Issues Visual Summary

3. Chapter Intro 1 Communities across America face a variety of public policy issues every day. Among the most critical are those involving education; crime prevention; social programs to help poor, elderly, sick, and disabled citizens; and environmental issues.

4. Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: How a Community Handles Issues A democratic society requires the active participation of its citizens. When dealing with public policy, a community and its leaders must consider many factors in making their plans.

5. Chapter Intro 2 Section 2: Education and Social Issues A democratic society requires the active participation of its citizens. Solving educational and social problems, including crime, requires the input of all members of a community.

6. Chapter Intro 2 Section 3: Environmental Issues Scarcity requires individuals and groups to make choices about using goods and services to satisfy their wants. Many environmental problems that communities face stem from overuse and misuse of natural resources.

7. Chapter Preview-End

8. Section 1-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea A democratic society requires the active participation of its citizens.

9. Section 1-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary policy public policy planning commissionplanning commission short-term planshort-term plan long-term plan infrastructure priority resource master plan

10. Section 1-Key Terms Guide to Reading Academic Vocabulary convince professional specific

11. A.A B.B Section 1-Polling Question Do you agree that American citizens should have a say in every decision of the U.S. government? A.Agree B.Disagree

12. Section 1 Public Policy Public policy, or how a community deals with issues, has many sources.

13. Section 1 Public Policy (cont.) Policies are sets of rules or guidelines that organizations follow when making decisions or carrying out actions.Policies

14. Section 1 Public policy:Public policy –Decisions and actions of governments –May deal with specific or broad issues –Not necessarily law Public Policy (cont.)

15. Section 1 Sources of public policy ideas: –Government –Political parties –Interest groups –Media –Private citizens Public Policy (cont.)

16. A.A B.B Section 1 Do you think that the government is the most important source of public policy ideas? A.Yes B.No

17. Section 1 Future Plans When ideas for public policy come before a community, leaders must consider many factors.

18. Section 1 Future Plans (cont.) Policymakers must plan for the future of their communities.

19. Section 1 Planning commissions:Planning commissions –Advisory group –May include government leaders, business people, local residents, and building and planning professionals Future Plans (cont.)

20. Section 1 Short-term plans:Short-term plans –Over the next few years Future Plans (cont.) Long-term plans:Long-term plans –10, 20, or even 50 years in the future

21. Section 1 Resources:Resources –Money, people, and materials available Future Plans (cont.) Master plan:Master plan –Set of goals and how government will carry them out

22. A.A B.B Section 1 Do you agree that planning for the future is more important in some areas of public policy than in others? A.Agree B.Disagree

23. Section 1-End

24. Section 2-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea A democratic society requires the active participation of its citizens.

25. Section 2-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary charter schoolcharter school tuition vouchertuition voucher community policingcommunity policing welfare Academic Vocabulary role impose ratio

26. A.A B.B Section 2-Polling Question Do you think a greater federal role in public education would harm the U.S. educational system? A.Yes B.No

27. Section 2 Public Education Schools today are trying to solve a variety of difficult challenges with innovative solutions.

28. Section 2 Public Education (cont.) Public education is a local responsibility under the general control of individual states. –Became universal after the Civil War

29. Section 2 Public and private education today: –55 million students in public schools –7 million in private schools Public Education (cont.)

30. Section 2 Local school district: –Basic administrative unit of public schools –Operates under state guidelines –Determines how students will be taught –Raises most of the funding required by schools Public Education (cont.) Funding Elementary and Secondary School Education

31. Section 2 Role of federal government in public education: –Provides financial aid (funding share less than 10 percent) –Imposes some rules –Prohibits gender discrimination Public Education (cont.) Funding Elementary and Secondary School Education

32. Section 2 –Sets standards for meeting needs of students with disabilities –Federal role is controversial Public Education (cont.) Funding Elementary and Secondary School Education

33. Section 2 “No Child Left Behind Act” (2001): –Authorized $26.5 billion in federal education spending –Added new accountability rules –Testing requirements for grades three through eight Public Education (cont.) Funding Elementary and Secondary School Education

34. Section 2 Educational issues: –Spending gap between wealthy and poor school districts due to different tax bases –Low test scores, high dropout rates, school crime and violence –Social problems outside schools Public Education (cont.)

35. Section 2 Proposed solutions: –Charter schools, free from many local regulationsCharter schools –Tuition vouchers for private or religious schoolsTuition vouchers –Privatization and school partnerships with businesses –Mass testing Public Education (cont.)

36. A.A B.B Section 2 Do you agree that charter schools and tuition vouchers should be abolished because they take education funds out of the public school system? A.Agree B.Disagree

37. Section 2 Battling crime and ending social problems associated with poverty are two of the biggest challenges governments face. Crime and Social Programs

38. Section 2 Crime and Social Programs (cont.) Crime and social problems associated with poverty are serious problems faced by many governments. U.S. incarceration rate among highest in the world Crime Rates

39. Section 2 Poverty and crime related: –Crime rates usually highest in cities –May seem attractive to poorly educated or poorly paid people Crime and Social Programs (cont.) Crime Rates

40. Section 2 Crime-fighting forces: –Urban police main U.S. crime-fighting force –Rural areas policed by county sheriffs and deputies –State police responsible for highway safety but also play role in criminal investigations Crime and Social Programs (cont.) Crime Rates

41. Section 2 Police functions: –Enforce law –Peacekeeping –Community policingCommunity policing Crime and Social Programs (cont.) Crime Rates

42. Section 2 Welfare programs address:Welfare –Health issues –Old age –Poverty –Physical disabilities Crime and Social Programs (cont.) Debate between critics and defenders of welfare

43. Section 2 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program (TANF) –Ends 60-year-old Aid to Families with Dependent Children program –Gives states more power to set welfare rules and distribute federal aid Crime and Social Programs (cont.)

44. Section 2 –Establishes five-year limit on receiving welfare –Requires states to set up job-training programs Crime and Social Programs (cont.)

45. Section 2 Significant drop in number of welfare recipients after TANF established: –Critics say that the drop resulted from the strong economy of the 1990s –Many fear the impact of a serious economic downturn Crime and Social Programs (cont.)

46. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Welfare programs A.encourage dependency. B.are essential for vulnerable members of society to avoid hunger and homelessness. C.undermine self respect. D.should require participants to hold jobs.

47. Section 2-End

48. Section 3-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea Scarcity requires individuals and groups to make choices about using goods and services to satisfy their wants.

49. Section 3-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary environmentalism solid waste landfill NIMBY toxic recycle conservation

50. Section 3-Key Terms Guide to Reading Academic Vocabulary authority attitude federal

51. A.A B.B Section 3-Polling Question Do you think the federal government should pass and enforce extensive recycling and conservation laws? A.Yes B.No

52. Section 3 Dealing With Concerns Protecting the environment is an important issue with which community leaders must deal.

53. Section 3 Dealing With Concerns (cont.) Environmentalism, or protecting our environment, is a key area of public policy.Environmentalism Environmental policy strengthened in the 1970s: –Clean Air Act –Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established

54. Section 3 Solid waste disposal:Solid waste –Major environmental problem –Landfill capacity and runoffLandfill –Incineration produces toxic substancestoxic –NIMBY (“not in my backyard”)NIMBY Dealing With Concerns (cont.)

55. Section 3 Alternatives and solutions: –Recycling, or reusing old materials to make new onesRecycling –Conservation, the preservation of natural resourcesConservation Dealing With Concerns (cont.)

56. A.A B.B Section 3 Do you agree that recycling and conservation programs are unlikely to have much of an environmental impact because they require too much effort on the part of consumers? A.Agree B.Disagree

57. Section 3 Protecting the Air, Water, and Land Sources of pollution include the activities of both industries and individuals.

58. Section 3 Protecting the Air, Water, and Land (cont.) Much pollution is caused by industry; however, individuals also contribute to the problem. Industrial pollution: –Chemical waste pollutes water –Factory smoke pollutes air

59. Section 3 Federal regulations: –Factory discharge limited –Enforcement hampered by budget limitations Protecting the Air, Water, and Land (cont.)

60. Section 3 Pollution from individuals: –Vehicles worst polluters in most cities: Protecting the Air, Water, and Land (cont.) Mandated removal of lead from gasoline Develop more efficient engines Equip vehicles with pollution removal devices Some local governments support and promote public transportation. –Effect of smoking on indoor air quality

61. Section 3 Hazardous waste is a major environmental danger: –Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants –Pesticide runoff –Improperly discarded oils, coolants, and batteries Protecting the Air, Water, and Land (cont.)

62. Section 3 –Limited capacity of disposal facilities –Abandoned town of Love Canal, New York Protecting the Air, Water, and Land (cont.)

63. A.A B.B Section 3 Do you agree that rigorous enforcement of federal environmental regulations would cause serious damage to the U.S. economy. A.Agree B.Disagree

64. Section 3-End

65. VS 1 Public Policy Government leaders make public policy, which is a general agreement among leaders about how to deal with particular issues. One goal of public policy is to anticipate and prevent problems. Governments and planning commissions make both short-term and long-term plans. Priorities are the goals a community considers most important or most urgent. A master plan spells out decisions about a community’s future.

66. VS 2 Education Elementary and secondary education is a local responsibility under state guidelines. Even so, the federal government plays an important role in education, providing aid to local schools in several forms. Local school leaders face funding issues, low test scores, high dropout rates, and crime and violence on school property.

67. VS 3 Crime and Social Issues Crime rates are usually highest in large cities, where poverty and crime often go hand in hand. Federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies fight crime, although most of the daily work is done by uniformed police officers. Policymakers have long struggled over the problems of how to reduce poverty and to best administer government financial aid.

68. VS 4 The Environment Environmentalism is the concern that our environment must be protected. Through the EPA, the government tries to reduce air and water pollution.

69. VS-End

70. Figure 1

71. Figure 2

72. TIME Trans

73. DFS Trans 1 In 2006, more people believed that the Bush administration had gone too far to restrict civil liberties.

74. DFS Trans 2

75. DFS Trans 3

76. Vocab1 policy a guiding course of action

77. Vocab2 public policy the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem

78. Vocab3 planning commission an advisory group that may include government leaders, businesspeople, local residents, and professionals, or skilled people, such as architects and traffic engineers

79. Vocab4 short-term plan a policy meant to be carried out over the next few years

80. Vocab5 long-term plan a broader policy meant to serve as a guide over the next 10, 20, or even 50 years

81. Vocab6 infrastructure a community’s system of roads, bridges, water, and sewers

82. Vocab7 priority something that is given more attention or importance

83. Vocab8 resource the money, people, and materials available to accomplish a community’s goals; wealth

84. Vocab9 master plan a plan that states a set of goals and explains how the government will carry them out to meet changing needs over time

85. Vocab10 convince to persuade through argument or evidence

86. Vocab11 professional engaging or working in a profession

87. Vocab12 specific clearly specified, precise, or explicit

88. Vocab13 charter schools schools that receive state funding, but are excused from meeting many public school regulations

89. Vocab14 tuition vouchers program providing subsidies for education payments, allowing families the option of sending students to private schools

90. Vocab15 community policing a program in which police become a visible presence in neighborhoods, walking or riding bicycles, and getting to know local residents. The program also works to get residents involved in neighborhood watch efforts.

91. Vocab16 welfare the health, prosperity, and happiness of the members of a community

92. Vocab17 role the function of a person or thing

93. Vocab18 impose to establish as a charge or penalty

94. Vocab19 ratio the relationship between two or more things

95. Vocab20 environmentalism protecting our environment

96. Vocab21 solid waste the technical name for garbage

97. Vocab22 landfill place where solid waste is dumped

98. Vocab23 NIMBY an acronym of Not In My Back Yard

99. Vocab24 toxic poisonous

100. Vocab25 recycling reusing old materials to make new ones

101. Vocab26 conservation the careful preservation and protection of natural resources

102. Vocab27 authority power or influence over other people or groups; person or persons having the power of government

103. Vocab28 attitude a feeling or way of thinking

104. Vocab29 federal of or involving the federal government

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