1. School Feeding Policy Environment: cross country review Samrat Singh Research Associate

2. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 18 country review of school feeding policy/legal frameworks (PCD-WFP) Ongoing technical assistance in Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya and Mali

3. POLICY ENVIRONMENT

4. REGULATORY SYSTEM Defined by set of legislative and executive instruments Articulates ‘rights’, sets out objectives and establishes the institutions/processes

5. BENEFITS OF A COMPREHENSIVE REGULATORY SYSTEM Defined and secure budgetary allocation Longitudinal sustainability Multi-agency harmonization Efficiency and Transparency Sectoral/policy convergence Institutional foundation

6. KEY ISSUES AND FINDINGS Issue 1: LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK Primary legislation, secondary legislation and process Findings: Highly variable No + correlation b/w right to food & legislative engagement Well established frameworks  policy linkages

7. CROSS COUNTRY COMPARISON OF LEVEL OF LEGISLATION AND THE REGULATORY APPROACH

8. Issue 2: DEFINING OBJECTIVES Clearly defined objectives, policy coherence Findings : Nutrition & Education Farm linkages Gender equity

9. Issue 3: DECENTRALIZATION Devolution in governance/ management, conformity with local laws, difference b/w devolution-power & functions. Findings : Most countries  decentralized management Brazil, England, Scotland, India- substantial Ecuador- centralized Nigeria-outside state apparatus Ethiopia, Malawi- well developed decentralized governance

10. Issue 4: FARM LINKAGES Local procurement, agricultural production, defining ‘local’, supply chain implications. Findings: Chile/Bangladesh-modality constraints Specific mandate & mechanism- Brazil,US,Ecuador,Tanzania England/ Scotland- encouraged-constrained by EU law Mali,Ghana- included in objectives Well developed procurement law  better linkages

11. CROSS COUNTRY COMPARISON OF PROCUREMENT GUIDELINES AND FARM LINKAGES

12. Issue 5: TARGETING Defined in legislation/policy, principles/mechanisms, review. Findings: Universality  access/availability Brazil- Rights based social inclusion, RSA-Needs based Rights based (Brazil)/needs based(RSA)/non- constitutional entitlement based (England)

13. ILLUSTRATION:NIGERIA 20 states  2 states Universal Basic Education Act, 2004 provides for school lunch  limited impact Development of state level policy & legislation (framework/detailed) (Osun state) Federal guidelines/platform for harmonization and cross learning

14. Thank you Samrat Singh samrat.singh@imperial.ac.uk