1. ACIDS, BASES, AND pH

2. NEED TO MEMORIZE THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS FOR YOUR QUIZ AND TEST! ELEMENTS  H: hydrogen  O: oxygen  N: nitrogen  C: carbon  Na: sodium  Cl: chlorine  K: potassium  S: sulfur COMPOUNDS H 2 O: water NaCl: sodium chloride/salt H 2 SO 4 : sulfuric acid HCl: hydrochloric acid NaOH: sodium hydroxide CO 2 : carbon dioxide O 2 : oxygen gas

3.  Only write words in black

4. Acids and BasesAcids and Bases  H 2 O = water  H + = hydrogen ion  H 3 O + = Hydronium ion  H 2 O + H +  H 3 O +  OH - = hydroxide ion

5. What is an acid?What is an acid?  solution that has an excess of H+ ions.  It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".  The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.

6. Properties of an AcidProperties of an Acid  Tastes Sour  Corrosive  which means they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin,and paper Picture from BBC Revision Bites http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/acids_ bases_1.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/acids_ bases_1.shtml

7. Uses of AcidsUses of Acids  Acetic Acid = Vinegar  Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch.  Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function.  Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics.  Car batteries

8. What is a base?What is a base?  solution that has an excess of OH- ions.  Another word for base is alkali.

9. Properties of a BaseProperties of a Base  Feel Slippery  Taste Bitter  Corrosive

10. Uses of BasesUses of Bases  Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties.  The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease.  Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases.

11. pH p ower of H ydronium  measures acidity (from 0-14) and how much H 3 O + /H + is present. The closer to 0, the more the H 3 O + /H + 0 up to 6 = acid 7 = neutral over 7 = base/alkaline  Can use indicators to tell the pH ( phenol red, pH paper, litmus, red cabbage)

12. pH Scale A change of 1 pH unit represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution. For example, if one solution has a pH of 1 and a second solution has a pH of 2, the first solution is not twice as acidic as the second— it is ten times more acidic.

13. Red Cabbage LabRed Cabbage Lab  Determine whether a solution is acidic or basic using a natural indicator  Red cabbage contains flavin which changes color in the presence of acids and bases

14. Acid – Base Reactions  A reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization. An acid- base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions.