1. © 2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. The Nation‘s quest for net zero energy buildings: Improved Efficiency & Renewable Energy Adoption via LVDC Microgrid Power Distribution The “little” solution to a big problem. Brian Patterson Chairman, EMerge Alliance & EMerge Alliance

2. Brian Patterson is the Chairman of the EMerge Alliance, a 501c non-profit corporation established to create application standards that promote the rapid adoption of safe, low- voltage DC power distribution and use in commercial buildings. EMerge is a member funded organization focused on developing open standards that integrate infrastructures, power, controls and a wide variety of electrical and electronic devices in a common hybrid AC-DC microgrid platform. Brian’s extensive technical background and work history in electronics, fiber optics and building technologies has resulted in his holding many patents in those fields. He is also General Manager of Business Development for the Building Products Division of Armstrong World Industries, one of the original founders of the Alliance.

3. The Abstract: The Nations quest for Net Zero Energy Buildings is likely to change a great deal about the way we approach designing and constructing buildings in the future, particularly with respect to a broadened consideration of an increasingly diverse pallet of energy efficient building solutions and site based power generation and storage. And although utilities are hard at work trying to “fix” our electrical energy distribution problems with a “Smart Grid”, nobody predicts this will improve energy efficiency, solve the underlying and growing shortage of “clean” electrical energy supply, nor eliminate significant service losses during man-made or natural disasters. This presentation explains the application of “Hybrid DC Microgrids” beyond the meter in buildings to meet this challenge. The presentation explains how microgrids will form the distributed foundation of a new energy network or “EnerNet.” Discussed are the efforts underway to create newly configured power and communication platforms at the building level that allow highly efficient direct integration of site based renewable energy sources and storage devices without the use of power inverters. These novel platforms also define standards for the use of safe low voltages and limited current potential at the user interface to enable plug-and-play device flexibility while facilitating energy savings and improved reliability by avoiding unnecessary power conversions and maximizing the use of highly articulated digital controls.

5. “What can I be certain about? -Daniel Burrus – Flash Foresight – 2011 “Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century, and one thing is clear: the era of easy oil is over.” - John S. Watson, Chairman & CEO, Chevron - 2009

6. “I'd put my money on solar energy...I hope we don't have to wait till oil and coal run out before we tackle that. ” - Thomas Alva Edison - 1931 “And how can I innovate to take advantage of what I know for certain about the future” - Ibid, p.39.

7. Zero Energy Building Model Buildings that produce as much energy as they consume 1.Integrated design and operations planning 2.Site renewable energy strategies get maxed out by using dc 3.Energy Storage technology in dc will allow Grid independence breakthroughs 4.System Intelligence - More control, monitoring, verification of everything possible with dc 2012: 1 st Full scale DC Microgrid Demonstration 2030: All new commercial buildings 2040: 50% of commercial building stock 2050: All commercial buildings EMerge Alliance Corp - ©2009-2010

8. Challenges of the New Energy Economy Catching Up on 100 yrs of Too Little Progress The Smart-Grid Automating the Grid Return on Asset (ROA) –Dynamic Pricing Dealing with Evolutionary Change >30% Renewables, Distributed -Photovoltaic, Solar/Thermal, Wind, Biofuels -Climate Modeling & Prediction -Distribution becomes Transmission Electric Vehicles Transmission Capacity and Location Revolutionary Change Cyber-Security Low-Cost Energy Storage User-Centered Energy System Brave New Markets Looking for Critical Mass Open Systems & Standards Code & Regulatory challenges 0 10 20 30 12pm 3pm 6pm 9pm 12am 3am 6am 9am 12pm

9. Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) Toward A More Integrated Energy Network EMerge Alliance Corp - ©2009-2010 Proactive Technology Solutions Reactive Technology Solutions Distributed Grid Architecture Centralized Grid Architecture SMART GRID SMART BUILDINGS USER CENTERED GENERATION CENTERED

10. Solar cost decreases 10% per year Source: Professor Emanuel Sachs, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. *Assumes annual production growth of 35% and an 18% learning curve. PV costs based on 18% capacity factor and 7% discount rate. Moving to an Alternative Energy Economy Cumulative PV Production GigaWp

11. “The head of the German energy agency DENA has warned that a surge in solar power is overwhelming Germany’s grid.” “With 15 GW+ installed by the end of the year, this requires more than a few peaking gas turbines on standby ; it needs large-scale power plants capable of both economical base load and peaking power.” Too Much of a Good Thing? Renewables Just Over 10% Destabilizing the Grid Schlierberg Solar Estate - Germany

12. Smart Grid to Smart Buildings: Building DC Microgrids at the Core of Energy Networks Enernet: noun \en-tə(r)-net\ : the Internet of powered things Bob Metcalfe

13. From Smart Grid to Microgrids Balancing the Renewable Power Equation Why Microgrid Energy? Increase renewable energy availability Improve, reliability & independence / security Improve availability in underserved markets Create open environment for energy innovation GenerationTransmissionDistribution Slide Courtesy of Intel Research Labs Smart Meters Local Energy Storage Smart Homes Smart Buildings Closing the Loop with Microgrids Local Generation

14. Smart Grid + Microgrids = EnerNet Networking Central and Distributed Power Public Utility Domain Independent Service Domain Cloud Based Enernet

15. Expand R&D Develop and Disseminate Case Studies Explore DC Power Applications Promote Multi-Building Systems Shift to an Integrated Design Process Improve Sys. Integration, Sensors & Controls Zero Energy Commercial Building Consortium Cross-cutting Recommendations

16. Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) A Microgrid network will look much like the Internet DC MICROGRID MODEL © 2010 EMerge Alliance DC Building Owner Public Utility Gear Independent Service Provider

17. Sensor & Controls HVAC Actuators Electronic Lighting ENERGY SOURCES ELECTRO-ACTIVE DEVICES AC/DC Site Generation DC Campus Fuel Cells AC Line Power DC Wind Power DC Photovoltaic Security & Safety AV/IT Devices Opportunity: Up to 30% less energy, 15% less capital, 200% plus more reliable Data & Telecom Centers Solution: A simplified AC/DC hybrid coupled power network Coupled AC/DC Power Sources ▲ DC Power Distribution Management ▼ Wireless Controls BACnet TCP/IP EMerge Alliance Corp - ©2009-2010 DC Power Storage

18. ZEB – Microgrid Building Blocks A Microgrid network will look much like the Internet

19. Energy Savings Opportunities for Building Owners *Higher energy use in office buildings, up to 40% © 2010 EMerge Alliance

20. Slide Courtesy of Solar PV Battery Storage Battery Storage Wind Gen Set MPPT Fuel Cell Other Fuel Cell Other Wind Contr. Wind Contr. 380VDC Converter 380VDC Converter Facility Power Server and Distribution (380VDC Nom) Lighting P&P Task 24VDC Lighting P&P Task 24VDC EV Charge 380V EV Charge 380V Climate Control 380V Climate Control 380V Electronic loads 380/48V Electronic loads 380/48V Sensors Security 24V Sensors Security 24V Telecom POE 48V Telecom POE 48V Appliance Plug Loads 380V Appliance Plug Loads 380V Utility Meter Feeds Loads Zero Net Energy Buildings (ZEB) DC Microgrid with Renewable & Alternate Distributed Generation

21. Occupied Space Standard Working from the Top Down OCCUPIED SPACE INFRASTRUCTURE: P1 = Ceiling P2 = Walls P3 = Furniture P4 = Floors © 2010 EMerge Alliance 380 VDC Bus 24 VDC Bus 208-277 VAC P3 P2 P1 P4

22. Product Example: Fluorescent Fixtures …Flexible device load cables Current Designed & Listed Product Change to DC Ballast Add Device Load Connector/Cable Assembly Direct DC input eliminates AC-DC conversion Can improve ballast efficiency by 10% or more Results in higher lighting system efficacy (light output per watt) Can improve ballast reliability significantly by eliminating HV inductors

23. Current Designed & Listed Product Change to Listed DC Driver Add Listed Device Load Connector/Cable Assembly Direct DC input eliminates AC-DC conversion Can improve driver efficiency by 10% or more Results in higher lighting system efficacy (light output per watt) Can improve driver reliability significantly by eliminating HV inductors Product Example: LED Fixtures

24. EMerge Alliance Occupied Space Standard Beta Site Applications in the Field

25. Technical Committee led by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) 2nd Standard – Data and Telecom Developing a 380VDC ICT Standard

26. 380VDC – The New Standard 380VDC is the Highest Efficiency, Cost Effective Solution ETSI 300132-3 (draft) Japan DC Power Partners EMerge Alliance Datacenter 28% more efficient than 208VAC 7% more efficient than 415VAC Est. 15% less up-front capital cost in volume 33% less floor space 200%-1000% more reliable No Harmonics, Safer Compliments Building-wide Photovoltaic, Wind, Lighting, Electric Vehicles & Charging, VFD Motors Rack 208V AC Server PSU UP S 12V 380- 410V DC DC/DC AC/DC DC/AC PDU VR AC/DC Bypass 480V AC MV Chrg UPS PSU Slide Courtesy of Intel Research Labs

27. DC Type Rack Building Block 105kW (n+1) 380VDC PS Controller Output Distribution (380VDC )- single section Insulation Failure Detector Power Conversion Units (PCUs) Subrack AC Input section Individual PCU input breakers

28. Calit2 - California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology, UC San Diego Duke Energy data center in Charlotte, North Carolina EPRI/LBNL - Electric Power Research Institute Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, California EMerge Alliance Data/Telecom Standard Beta Site Applications in the Field

29. Whole Building Hybrid DC Microgrid Ford’s Deep Renovation Strategy Includes Multiple Stages

30. Rio Rancho Campus Courtesy of Intel Research Labs 1 EV Level I Inverter 10 kW PV PEV Charging PEV Charging 100 kW PV Array World Class PUE Pilot Datacenter High Efficiency DC Office Lighting PoC EncantoSupercomputer 380 VDC Eco Rack NMGateway 4 3 2 5 Standards Allow Incremental Plan/Execution Five Discrete Projects Capture Key Elements

31. EMerge Alliance Beta Sites Standards Applications in the Field Occupied Space Future Data Center Future Outdoor (PEV) Future Bldg Serv. (HVAC) Future Combined Beta and Registered Sites as of February 2011

32. © 2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. & EMerge Alliance - Daniel Burrus – Flash Foresight - 2011 Quiz Answer Key!

33. © 2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. & EMerge Alliance www.EMergeAlliance.org Direct Current (DC) Microgrid Power Application Standards for Buildings

34. THANK YOU.