1. Layers of the Earth

2. The Earth as a System Integrated system of rock, air, water, and living things. This system is divided into four parts: – atmosphere (air) – hydrosphere (water) – biosphere (living things) – geosphere (rock)

3. Composition of the Earth Four layers: – crust – mantle – Outer core – Inner core Density increases towards the center of the Earth

4. Geosphere Solid part of the Earth’s crust that consists of all rock, and the soils and sediments on Earth’s surface. Most located in Earth’s interior

5. Crust The crust is the layer that you live on so it is the most widely studied and understood. Two Kinds of Crust: – Oceanic- Thin, more dense, 3-5mi thick, made of Basalt (lots of metals) – Continental- Thicker, less dense, 5-30 miles thick, made of granite (low metal)

6. Crust The crust is made of the lightest matter and the core consists of heavy metals Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers.

8. Crust The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates move along the soft mantle which is the layer located below the crust.

9. Crust The plates move along smoothly but sometimes they get stuck and pressure builds up.

10. Crust The pressure builds and causes an Earthquake as rocks break and crack. San Francisco City Hall after the 1906 Earthquake. (from Steinbrugge Collection of the UC Berkeley Earthquake Engineering Research Center)Steinbrugge Collection of the UC Berkeley Earthquake Engineering Research Center

11. Crust Thin, outer layer. Made up of light elements less than 1% of Earth’s mass 5-70km thick

12. Lithosphere Outer layer cool, rigid divided up into huge tectonic plates

13. Lithosphere Consists of continental, oceanic and upper part of mantle Continents composed of granite- type rock, quartz and feldspar minerals, density+2.8g/cm 3Continents composed of granite- type rock, quartz and feldspar minerals, density+2.8g/cm 3 Oceanic crust formed of basalt; basalt rich in iron/magnesium minerals, density+3.0 g/cm 3Oceanic crust formed of basalt; basalt rich in iron/magnesium minerals, density+3.0 g/cm 3 Lithosphere is rigid layer of crust and mantle overlying partially- molten asthenosphereLithosphere is rigid layer of crust and mantle overlying partially- molten asthenosphere

14. Asthenosphere 250 km thick solid, plastic layer made of rock flows very slowly and allows tectonic plates to move across

15. Mantle Layer beneath the crust 64% of mass of Earth 2,900 km thick Made of – lithosphere – asthenosphere – mesosphere

16. Mantle The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. It is made of hot, dense rock. The rock in the mantle flows like asphalt because of the temperature differences found in the mantle. The movement of the mantle create the movement of the Earth’s plates.

17. Core 3,248 km radius sphere of hot, dense nickel and iron 4,000 - 5,000 °C 1/3 of the Earth’s mass Made of – Outer Core – Inner Core

18. Outer Core; 2,200 km thick, outer shell, made of liquid nickel and iron Inner Core: 1,228 km radius; a sphere of solid iron and nickel

20. Core The core of the Earth is much like a ball of very hot metals. The inner core is solid metal, surrounded by a fluid iron outer core.

21. Earth’s Interior Core – dense – Iron and Nickel – Inner Core - solid – Outer Core - liquid – Less dense than core – Iron and Magnesium silicates – Mostly solid – Upper mantle is partially molten Mantle – Outermost layer – Very thin and rigid – Continental – granite – Density = 2.8 g/cm 3 – Oceanic – basalt – Density = 3.0 g/cm 3 Crust

22. Be able to draw and label the three layers of the earth (crust, mantle, and core) as well as the 4 layers based on physical properties (lithosphere, asthenosphere, outer and inner core). Compare and contrast lithosphere and asthenosphere… give 3 examples of candy for each ADD The inner and outer core… Give three details for EVERY LAYER– include densities`