1. Matter

2. What is matter? Has mass Like a rock is an idea matter? Takes up space Like air or water is heat matter?

3. Matter CCan it be physically separated yes no mixture Pure substance Uniform composition? yes no Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture Can be chemically separated yes no compoundelement

4. Physical separation methods Filtration – process that separates materials based on size Distillation – process that separates substances in solution based on their boiling points Chromatography -

5. Mixtures Homogeneous: evenly mixed cannot see individual parts solution example: salt water Heterogeneous: can see individual parts example: granite rock

6. Solution Systems gas-gas: Air Gas-liquid: Soft drink Liquid-gas Moist air Liquid –liquid Vinegar Solid-solid Steel (an alloy)

7. Pure Substances Elements: Composed of identical atoms Examples – copper, hydrogen Compounds: Composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio Has different properties than constituent elements Examples: table salt (NaCl) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mx5JJWI2aaw

8. Changes in state of matter solidliquidgas meltingvaporization freezingcondensation sublimation deposition

9. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Liquids have and indefinite shape and a definite volume. Gases have a indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

10. Particle movement and phase solid liquidgas

11. Particle movement and phase solid liquidgas Add heat

12. Physical Properties Can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the matter – Melting point, boiling point – Density – Solubility – Color – Malleable/ductile – Hardness – Conductivity – Viscosity – Odor

13. Physical Changes Changes of state: melting, freezing, condensation, etc… Drawing copper into a wire Desalinization The substance only changes size, shape or state – it does not become a different substance

14. Chemical Properties The ability of a substance to combine with or change into another substance – Reactivity – flammability A new substance is formed

15. Chemical Changes Combustion Rusting, tarnishing

16. Evidence of a chemical change 1.Color change 2.Production of a gas 3.Formation of a precipitate (a solid that forms and separates from a liquid) 4.Temperature change

17. Check for understanding indicate if the change is physical or chemical 1.Melting ice 2.Painting wood 3.Burning wood 4.baking 5.Breaking glass 6.Burning propane 7.Iron rusting

18. Temperature The average kinetic energy of the particles in an object Absolute zero – no particle movement; theoretically impossible Regardless of how cold an object is the particles that make up that object are moving. The warmer an object is the more the particles move; the cooler – the slower

19. Phase change diagram

20. Phase Change Diagram Triple point – the point that represents the temperature and pressure at which all three states can coexist Lines between phases – water can exist in both phases Critical point – the temperature and pressure above which water cannot exist as a liquid

21. Heating/cooling curve

22. Heating curve Diagonal lines are temperature ranges at which the substance exist as a solid, liquid or gas. The horizontal lines are temperatures at which the substance is melting or boiling. During a phase change the temperature of the substance is not changing.