1. Photosynthesis Lab Nick Akers, Julianne Clina, Alissa Cole, Jared Molnar, Nehal Navali A Block

2. Background Spinach Leaf Spinach is a dark green, common household vegetable and is known for its health benefits, such as being high in iron, protein, and various vitamins and minerals. Rosebush Leaf The leaves of roses are pinnately compound meaning that they have multiple leaves arranged along a common stem. There can be 3, 5, or 7 leaves on a specific stem. Rosebush leaves are green and contain the pigment chlorophyll which is necessary for photosynthesis. Rosebush Leaves are also very waxy and due to this they are also relatively heavy.

3. Results https://docs.google.com/spre adsheets/d/1QshqOPn9Dgz enajBOGOsthEQ3fsw3TLTN GHpv1aTP9M/edit#gid=0 Reaction rate: Spinach: 1.4 floats/second Rosebush: 0.0 floats/second

4. Conclusion The Spinach leaves seemed to have a faster rate of photosynthesis than the rosebush leaves The spinach leaf chads had an average rate of 1.4 floats/sec. The rosebush leaf chads did not float The data is not reliable because the rosebush leaves appeared to not conduct any photosynthesis the leaves have a waxy coating, making then much heavier than the spinach leaves, and therefore require more oxygen to float In a redesign of this experiment... we would use leaves with the same density OR we would measure the rate of photosynthesis by another method, perhaps spectrophotometry record data for a longer amount of time

5. Works Cited & Acknowledgements Citations: "Spinach: Health Benefits, Uses, and Precautions." Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. "Rose Bush Facts." GardenGuides. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. Thanks to Julianne’s dad for providing us with the rosebush leaf from his yard.

6. Photosynthesis Lab Ankit Punreddy, Jon Selway, Jon Glidden, Jon Kruger A Block

7. Background Spinach Spinacia oleracea Prefers cooler environment (Spring and Fall) Grows best in full Sunlight Fast Growing Leaves are somewhat triangular and may be flat or puckered Kale Brassica oleracea acephala Prefers cooler environment (Spring and Fall) Grows best in full Sunlight Belongs to the Cabbage family Rosette of elongated leaves with wavy to frilled margins leaves

8. Results

9. Conclusions ●Both Spinach and Kale took 3 minutes for at least one of the chads to float ○Meaning it took 3 minutes for the leaves to produce enough oxygen from the light reaction, allowing the leaves to float ●In both tests, after one leave began to float, they all began to float ○Meaning the leaf chads were able to produce O 2 at the same rate ●More trials could produce a more accurate rate of floats per minute

10. Works Cited http://www.britannica.com/plant/kale http://www.britannica.com/plant/spinach Thanks to Jon Glidden for the Oak leaf and Ms. Albu for the Kale

11. Photosynthesis Lab A Block by Yusuf Buxamusa, Neehar Duvvuri, Andrew Porter, Varun Srivastava, Aakash Trivedi A Block

12. Background Kale and spinach were used in this lab to test type of leaf as the independent variable Kale is not in the same family (brassica) as spinach (beet family), so it is hard to determine if there will be similar reaction rates Spinach is darker than kale so it absorbs more light. The absorbing pigments in spinach and kale are Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, Pheophytins, and Xanthophylls.

13. Results Bar graph of final results

14. Conclusion OBSERVATION DESCRIPTION AND REDESIGNING OF LAB Kale leaf chads float faster than spinach chads Oxygen bubbles formed on leaf chads before and while they floated up It was assumed that photosynthetic rates are higher with darker colored leaves, however data suggests otherwise There was an error in procedure, due to incorrectly sinking the kale leaf chads, killing cells thereby inhibiting photosynthesis Sucking the oxygen out of the leaves does kill some chloroplasts, so this method, and these results may not be accurate

15. Works Cited & Acknowledgements BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND LEAF PROVIDER Leaf family info: http://www.theawl.com/2014/10/eat-spinach-not-kale Leaf Provider: Varun Srivastava Leaf pigment info: http://www.ehow.com/info_8551900_plant-pigments-found- spinach.html

16. Photosynthetic Rates of Different Leaves Meilissa Mckay, Jessica Li, Lily Shan A Block Bio

17. Background SpinachIceberg Lettuce  dark, forest green, thicker leaf  dense amount of chloroplasts  light green, leaf is very thin  more sparse amount of chloroplasts ●shades of green on different plants vary because of the balance of chlorophyll A, B, and other pigments ●chlorophyll traps light energy from the sun for photosynthesis

18. Results Iceberg lettuce Spinach

19. Conclusion ●Overall Spinach had a higher rate of Photosynthesis than Iceberg Lettuce ○spinach is greener than iceberg lettuce, which allows the chlorophyll in the spinach to receive more light than the lettuce, leading to a greater photosynthetic rate ●The spinach leaves floated sooner from the start of the ten minutes and floated upwards in greater numbers ●ran out of time in the end- had to put both beakers (one of spinach and one of lettuce) under the same lamp ○introduced a new variable of light angle ●redesign: more time, more trials, more leaf chads

20. Works Cited & Acknowledgements http://www.nutritionhealthconnection.com/images/Leafy-Greens/Iceberg-Lettuce- Main.jpg http://www.kontrolmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Spinach.jpg http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/shootfeatures/ge neralstructure/leafcolor/variationsingreen.html Thanks to Ms. Albu for providing the spinach leaves and Meilissa for providing the iceberg lettuce leaves

21. Photosynthesis Lab Jing Zhu, Sindhu Kosuru, Janice Kim A Block

22. Background Photosynthesis: process used to convert light energy to synthesize foods Tomato leaves vs. Spinach leaves Tomato leaf : medium shade of green Spinach leaf : dark shade of green Hypothesis: Spinach leaf will have faster photosynthetic rate than tomato leaf because it is a darker shade of green and therefore must have a higher chlorophyll concentration.

23. Results (minutes)

24. Conclusion Spinach leaf chads had faster rate of reaction It took 2 minutes longer for all tomato chads to float occurred because spinach leaves were a darker shade of green more chlorophyll concentration absorb light faster This lab can be repeated with more types of leaves as an extension More leaf chads could be used for larger sample size

25. Works Cited & Acknowledgements "Photosynthesis." Estrella Mountain. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2015. Hewitson, John. "Factors That Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis." SAPS. Science and Plants for Schools, 2015. Web. 17 Oct. 2015. Leaf Provider Spinach leaves - Ms. Albu Tomato leaves - Janice Kim

26. Photosynthesis Lab Katie Long, Kene Orakwue, Kat Vlach A Block

27. Background General factors: -Temperature -CO2 in environment -Surface Area -Health: water and mineral levels Spinach: ●Terrestrial ●Originally from Asia, now grown everywhere, including NE ●Thicker ●Greener Basil: ●Terrestrial ●Originally from Asia, now grown everywhere, including NE ●Similar leaf shape: simple and no teeth

28. Results Spinach Basil

29. Conclusion No basil chads floated until 2 minutes, only two floated in total No spinach chads floated until 4 minutes, all ten floated The Spinach leaf we used was a much darker green than the Basil leaf we used. =higher concentration of chlorophyll =more light absorbed =higher photosynthetic rate in spinach than basil More trials, more time per trial could also test: different percentile bicarbonate solutions, different light intensities, or different water temperatures

30. Works Cited http://extension.oregonstate.edu/gardening/colored-leaves-have-chlorophyll-too http://www.britannica.com/science/photosynthesis#toc60557 https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/ocimum/basilicum/ https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/spinacea/oleracea/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/organism_energy/photosynthesisrev1.shtml Creds to Kat for the basil