1. Chapter 28 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

2. I. Progressive Roots A.Power in fewer and fewer hands B.Social and Economic Problems=too complex C.Jacob A. Rilis’ “How the Other Half Lives” 1. shocked middle class on poor D. Social Gospel-progressivism based on Christian teachings

3. II. Raking Muck with the Muckrakers A)Muckrakers-reporters who reviled the wrongs in society through extensive research B)McClure’s, Cosmopolitan and Collier’s -magazines known for this type of journalism C) David G. Phillips-Senate controlled by trusts D) No advice how to change society, just cleanse it

4. III. Political Progressivism A)Progressivism-mood to fix the wrongs—across all arenas of spectrum B) Two goals: 1-regain power of the people (improve common person’s conditions) a. initiative (propose legislation) b. referendum (directly vote) c. recall (remove) 2-curb monopoly power a. Australian ballot-secret ballot b. 17 th Amendment (1913)-direct election of US senators

5. IV. Progressivism in the Cities and States A)Cities 1. Galveston, TX -expert staff to run urban affairs 2. City Manager system 3. Clean up cities -rid of red-light districts -clean up water supplies -light streets B) States 1. Wisconsin and Robert M. La Follettte -governor against interest groups -returned control to the people -set up public utilities -other states would follow

6. V. Progressive Women A)Middle Class women exposed to problems 1. drawn to maternal issues 2. Keeping children out of mills and sweatshops 3. National Consumers League a. Florence Kelley- laws protecting women and children in work place 4. Children’s Bureau B)Muller vs. Oregon 1. Louis D. Brandeis-harmful effects of factory work on weaker women’s bodies

7. C) Triangle Shirtwaist Company-NYC 1) 146 workers died 2) Insurance for injured workers (37 states) D) Woman’s Christian Temperance Union 1. Founded by Frances E. Willard 2. ½ of population (1914) lived in dry territories 3. 1919-18 th amendment-Prohibition

8. VI. TR’s Square Deal for Labor A)Square Deal-3 C’s 1. Control of the corporations 2. Consumer Protection 3. Conservation of Natural Resources B) Pennsylvania Coal Mine Strike-1902 1. 140k workers went on strike 2. Public suffered (closed schools, factories closed, etc…) 3. TR-reps on both side to White House a. threatened capital with troop force b. workers-10% pay increase; 10 to 9 hr days C) Creation of Department of Commerce and Labor -bust trusts

9. VII. TR Corrals the Corporations A)Elkins Act-fine railroads and shippers for rebates B)Hepburn Act of 1906-forbade free passes C)Northern Securities Company (organized by Rockefeller and Hill)-busted them into smaller companies D)Goal-break companies into smaller companies but not damage big business- ultimately, show power of the gov’t

10. VIII. Caring for the Consumer A)Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle” B) Meat Inspection Act of 1906 1. federal inspection of meat C) Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 1. labels must be accurate

11. IX. Earth Control A)Wasteful Americans 1. looted and polluted at unparallel speed 2. Maine to Michigan-deforested B) Newlands Act of 1902 1. collect money and develop irrigation projects in the SW C) 125 million acres set aside D) Conservation 1. “Call of the Wild” 2. Boy Scouts 3. The Sierra Club E) Hetch Hetchy Valley 1. Dam built-controversy 2. Roosevelt-use nation’s materials intelligently

12. X. The Roosevelt Panic of 1907 A)Panic on Wall Street 1. critics blamed TR 2. he blamed rich B) Aldrich-Vreeland Act 1. national banks issued emergency currency backed by collateral

13. XI. The Rough Rider Thunders Out A)TR chose Taft as his successor B)Legacy 1. enlarged power of presidential office 2. shaped the progressive movement 3. opened eyes to Americans of outside world

14. XII. Taft: A Round Peg in a Square Hole A)Second in Class at Yale B)Not a dashing political leader C)“foot in mouth” disease D)Mild progressive

15. XIII. The Dollar Goes Abroad as a Diplomat A)Dollar Diplomacy -use Wall Street to invest in other places to strengthen American defenses and foreign policies while make Wall Street richer B) Examples 1) Manchuria-buy rlrd from Russia and Japan— failed! 2) Honduras and Haiti 3) US had to put down disorders in Latin America (Nicaragua, Cuba, etc…)

16. XIV. Taft the Trustbuster A)Standard Oil Company 1-dissolution 2- “unreasonably” restrained trade were illegal-hole in antitrust net B) US Steel 1-went against TR

17. XV. Taft Splits the Republican Party A)Payne Aldrich Bill 1-high tariffs retained (against goal!) 2- “best bill that Republicans ever passed” B) Ballinger-Pinchot Quarrel 1-Pinchot fired for criticizing Ballinger for opening public lands to corporations C) Roosevelt returns-increase gov’t D) 1910 Midterms-Republicans lost House seats

18. XVI. The Taft-Roosevelt Rupture A)Roosevelt-will try third term B)Taft nominees at the Republican convention ousted his chances