1. TELEMATIC TEACHING PROJECT glenn@kns.wcape.school.za Settlement Geography

2. CONCEPTS

3. SIZE & FUNCTION Isolated farmstead Hamlet Village Town City Metropolis Conurbation Megalopolis SMALL LARGE

4. RURAL-URBAN DISTINCTION INDUSTRIES SERVICES SETTLEMENTS RURALURBAN SINGLE FUNCTIONAL PRIMARY ACTIVITIES MULTI FUNCTIONAL SECONDARY ACTIVITIES TERSIARY ACTIVITIES FARMING MINING FISHING FORESTRY

5. NUCLEATED & DISPERSED NB: PATTERN involves NUCLEATED and DESPERSED SETTLEMENTS                           NUCLEATED Buildings close to each other          DISPERSED Buildings far apart

6.  LO0SE patches of land LO0SE patches of land FOREMAN manages FOREMAN manages NO independent DECISIONS NO independent DECISIONS Lives in VILLAGE Lives in VILLAGE Lots of TRAVELLING Lots of TRAVELLING MEGANIZATION difficult MEGANIZATION difficult LARGE SINGLE farm LARGE SINGLE farm Manages farm HIMSELF Manages farm HIMSELF Independent DECISIONS Independent DECISIONS Lives on FARM Lives on FARM No TRAVELLING No TRAVELLING MEGANIZATION easy MEGANIZATION easy                 X X X X NUCLEATEDDISPERSED farm boundaries  Settle- ments X One farmers land

7. RURAL SETTLEMENT

8. SHAPE ROUNDCROSSROADLINIAR Around central point Where roads cross Along road or river

9. WATER ARABLE LAND FUEL & BUILING MATERIAL PASTURAGE 5 BASIC NEEDS Water Arable land Pasturage Fuel Building mat- erials SITE Ground occupied by settlement.

10. RIVER Flooding Mosquitoes Disease Too COLD. Temp drops Increase in height PERPENDICULAR WARMEST Too COLD in valley: I N V E R S I O N S In evening NORTHNORTH SOUTHSOUTH NB IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE STOCK FARMING CROPS Why are middle slopes preferred?

11. RURAL DEPOPULATION TO CITY FACTORS WHAT CAN BE DONE? Advertise town Recreation Tourism Restore buildings Rural schools Cheap Indus sites CONSEQUENCES Empty farmhouses Crime (Farm murders) Unemployment Few new investments Many old people Few young men Low value of properties Shops close Empty schools Services below standard Better jobs Salaries Education Medical fac. Bright lights ATTRACT people to the cities PULL FACTORS Mechanization Low salaries Droughts Crime Unemployment FORCE people to the cities PUSH FACTORS RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION: Movement from rural to urban areas

12. © A Hambly CONSEQUENCES Deserted farmhouses Delapidated buildings Farmers - ecotourism Shops close

13. What can be done? Adverteer dorp Protesteer – verbypaaie Goedkoop nywerheidsgebiede Toerisme Resoureer historiese geboue Ontspanning Lok afgetreedenes Dorpies – saamwerk Tuisnywerhede Lok na platelandse skole Hou dorp netjies © A Hambly What was done in Clarens to combat rural depopulation?

14. What can be done in Riverside to combat rural depopulation?

15. URBAN SETTLEMENT

16. CENTRAL PLACE TOWN Provides services to surrounding rural area H B S W W W – Shop H – Hotel B – Bank S – School - Rural Settlements

17. TRADE & TRANSPORT TOWNS SEA Settlement Roads Navigable river Railway Mountains Junction Intersection of railways Gap town Deurgang Between mountains Break of bulk From one type of transport to another

18. SPECIALIZED CITIES Has one dominant function like education, mining etc S S S UNI C C Iron ore mine University S School C College  Holliday towns Settlements UNI

19. LINIAR SHAPE

20. CIRCLE SHAPE

21. STREET PLAN IRREGULAR GRID AT A MOUNTAIN EVEN GROUND

22. UBAN PROFILE BUILDINGS BECOME LOWER DISTANCE FROM CBD Further you move from city centre, buildings become lower Expensive land Competition Intensive built Vertical buildings Cheaper land Buildings horizontal CBD HOTELS HOU- SING FLATS INDUS- TRIES INDUSTRIES HOU- SING

23. LAND USE ZONES CBD Accessible Highest buildings High order functions Low order Functions INDUSTRIES Light industries Heavy industries Location factors RETAIL Isolated stores Ribbon development Outlying business cen. Shopping Centre RESIDENTIAL High income - where Low income - where Informal settlements ZONE OF DECAY Edge of CBD Old buildings Functions mixed Urban renewal RURAL URBAN FR. Between urban & rural. Golf, Power stations, Cemeteries, airports.

24. CBD MOST ACCESSABLE CBD REMEMBER Accessible High buildings Functions

25. REMEMBER Accessible High buildings High density Functions Traffic jams CBD

26. HEAVY INDUST FAR from CBD LIGHT INDUST Closer to CBD INDUSTRIES REMEMBER Heavy Light Factors

27. Labour Res areas Navig. river Main road Railway Airport INDUSTRY Power Station Level Contours far MARKET (CBD) INDUSTRIES LOCATION

28. ZONE OF DECAY REMEMBER Just outside CBD Mixed functions Old buildings Urban renewal Expensive land

29. URBAN BLIGHT Land valuable, buildings worth very little MANAGEMENT Renovation Renewal Reduce housing density

30. URBAN RURAL FRINGE Shunting yard