1. Colonial Period early 1600’s

2. Puzzle Word Bank bliss till sabbath satire savory objective vexation asunder omnipotent paradox figure of speech archaic recompense allegory execrations subjective profane

3. Spaniards explore Florida and the Southwest Forming New Relationships Columbus lands in 1492 Norse explorers land before 1492 Clash of Cultures

4. Europeans expose Indians to new, deadly diseases. Settlers force some Indians from their traditional homes. Interdependence between Europeans and Indians develops. Forming New Relationships Clash of Cultures

5. Cabeza de Vaca provides firsthand accounts of native life and culture. Explorers’ Writings Explorers use their journals to raise funds for further exploration. Observations recorded by explorers to New World. Clash of Cultures Cabeza de Vaca in the Desert by Frederic Remington.

6. Value self-reliance, industriousness, temperance, simplicity Puritans in America Use simple forms of worship Puritans flee religious persecution in England Set out new form of government in Mayflower Compact Puritan Dominance

7. Saintly “elect” are leaders of society Government by Contract Use contractual agreement model for constitutional democracy Believe a contract exists between God and humanity Political views tend to leave little room for compromise Puritan Dominance

8. Diaries and histories most common forms of literature Puritan Writing Viewed life as a journey to salvation Believed Bible was literal word of God Valued education; Harvard founded sixteen years after first Pilgrims arrived Puritan Dominance

9. Salem Witchcraft Trials Within ten months, about 150 people accused—many put to death Began in 1691—three women accused of witchcraft Strict, repressive society could be one cause for mass hysteria Puritan Dominance

10. Characteristics of Colonial Writings 1.Total Depravity complete wickedness of man since the Fall of man

11. 2.Unconditional Election 2.Unconditional Election called predestination – at some point in time God predetermined a certain number of people (called the elect) to go to heaven 3.Limited Atonement the goodness of God – Christ died only for those people in the elect group

12. 4. Irresistible Grace God gives grace freely to those in the elect group— there is no way to earn it or refuse it 5.Perseverance of the Saints since a person didn’t know if he/she were in the elect group, he had to live as though he were so he would be worthy of heaven

13. Background Review Questions 1.What year did the Pilgrims arrive in the new world? 2.What is the name of the ship on which the Puritans crossed the Atlantic? 3. How did the Pilgrims view emigration?

14. 4.Who wrote the first accounts of the world? 5.Name three characteristics of the Pilgrims. 6.Colonial writings used what kind of old- fashioned language? 7.Were the Pilgrims concerned with displays of social standing?

15. 8.What was a common subject matter in Puritan diaries? 9.What greatly influenced the lives and writings of the Puritans? 10.How can the Pilgrims’ style of writing best be described?

16. Colonial Period Writers William Bradford Mary Rowlandson William Byrd Anne Bradstreet Jonathan Edwards Edward Taylor

17. William Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation Literary Techniques: Allusion – literary reference Archaic Language – is an old fashioned way of using language as opposed to the modern way Diction – word choice Syntax – sentence structure

18. Questions 11.In Of Plymouth Plantation, Bradford primarily describes what? 12.Bradford frequently refers to what familiar text? 13.Bradford attributes the profane seaman’s death to what force?

19. 14.Why was the first winter in the new land particularly tragic? 15.List three ways in which the Pilgrims interact with the Indians., hold friendly conversations 16.William Bradford is most commonly known for holding what position in the colonies?

20. Mary Rowlandson’s A Narrative of the Captivity Literary Terms Subjective Writing Subjective Writing – writing that includes thoughts, feelings, and emotions Objective Writing Objective Writing – writing that includes factual information such as the who, what, when, where, why, and how

21. Allegory Allegory – referring to biblical quotations to give symbolic meaning to experiences

22. Questions 17.Describe Rowlandson’s tone in A Narrative of the Captivity. 18.How does Rowlandson view the natives during her first few days in captivity? 19.Rowlandson frequently refers to biblical quotations to give symbolic meaning to her experiences. What is this literary technique called?

23. 20.The tribe of Indians views Rowlandson and her children as what? 21.How is Rowlandson able to pay for food? 22.Why must the tribe with which Rowlandson is traveling keep moving? 23.What is the difference between subjective and objective reporting?

24. William Byrd’s The History of the Dividing Line Literary Techniques Satire Satire – A writing that mocks something in order to bring about a social change

25. Example of Satire in Cartoon

26. Questions 24.How is Byrd’s work different from typical Puritan writings? 25.What literary device does Byrd use in order to describe the settlers of the New World? 26. What do Byrd’s language and tone imply about him? 27.What irony does Byrd find in the interactions between the settlers and the Indians?

27. Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666 by Anne Bradstreet

28. We increase our possessions only to the enlargement of our anxieties. —Anna C. Brackett (1836–1911) Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666 by Anne Bradstreet

29. simplicity Puritan writers favored the plain style—a way of writing that stresses Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666 Literary Focus: The Plain Style clarity of expression the use of everyday words Puritan writings may now seem hard to read, but to readers in the 1600s, they sounded simple and direct.

30. Although Bradstreet uses figurative language in her poetry, her writing is still influenced by strong, simple Puritan style and diction. Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666 Literary Focus: The Plain Style “Here stood that trunk, and there that chest, There lay that store I counted best.” [End of Section]

31. Inversion is the reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase. “My pleasant things in ashes lie, And them behold no more shall I.” Inversion Normal order My pleasant things lie in ashes, And I shall behold them no more. Poets often use inversion to accommodate the demands of meter and rhyme. Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666 Reading Skills: Analyzing Text Structures: Inversion

32. “Upon the Burning of Our House” Anne Bradstreet MetaphorMetaphor – a comparison between two unlike things not using a word of comparison such as like or as

33. The Puritans Although the Puritans were industrious and often acquired worldly goods, they considered it sinful to place too much pride on personal possessions. What emotional conflict might Puritan poet Anne Bradstreet have felt about losing her home to a fire? Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666 Background

34. Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666 The Puritans wrote beautiful poetry and Anne Bradstreet, a faithful Puritan wife and mother of several children, wrote some of the most compelling. On July 18, 1666, at the age of 54, Bradstreet’s home burned to the ground. She recounts the horrors and her godly, humble, Calvinistic response.

35. She escapes from her burning house and then watches the flames consume it. The shock of losing her house causes her to reflect on what truly matters to her. In this poem, the speaker awakens to shouts of “Fire!” Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10, 1666 by Anne Bradstreet

36. In silent night when rest I took, For sorrow near I did not look, I waken'd was with thund'ring noise And piteous shrieks of dreadful voice. That fearful sound of "fire" and "fire," Let no man know is my Desire. I starting up, the light did spy, And to my God my heart did cry To straighten me in my Distress And not to leave me succourless. Then coming out, behold a space The flame consume my dwelling place. And when I could no longer look, I blest his name that gave and took, That laid my goods now in the dust. Yea, so it was, and so 'twas just. It was his own; it was not mine. Far be it that I should repine, He might of all justly bereft But yet sufficient for us left.

37. When by the Ruins oft I past My sorrowing eyes aside did cast And here and there the places spy Where oft I sat and long did lie. Here stood that Trunk, and there that chest, There lay that store I counted best, My pleasant things in ashes lie And them behold no more shall I. Under the roof no guest shall sit, Nor at thy Table eat a bit. No pleasant tale shall 'ere be told Nor things recounted done of old. No Candle 'ere shall shine in Thee, Nor bridegroom's voice ere heard shall be. In silence ever shalt thou lie. Adieu, Adieu, All's Vanity.

38. Then straight I 'gin my heart to chide: And did thy wealth on earth abide, Didst fix thy hope on mouldring dust, The arm of flesh didst make thy trust? Raise up thy thoughts above the sky That dunghill mists away may fly. Thou hast a house on high erect Fram'd by that mighty Architect, With glory richly furnished Stands permanent, though this be fled. It's purchased and paid for too By him who hath enough to do. A price so vast as is unknown, Yet by his gift is made thine own. There's wealth enough; I need no more. Farewell, my pelf; farewell, my store. The world no longer let me love; My hope and Treasure lies above.

39. Questions 38.In “Upon the Burning of Our House,” how does Bradstreet discover fire? 39.When Bradstreet writes, “I blest His name that gave and took...,” what does she imply about the ownership of material objects? 40.Bradstreet emphasizes the material possessions that she has lost. However, she also mentions intangible things that connect her to the house. What are these intangible things mentioned?

40. “ Huswifery” Edward Taylor Extended MetaphorExtended Metaphor – a comparison between two very different things which is extended throughout a literary work ConceitConceit – an unusual type of comparison

41. Questions 35.In “Huswifery,” to what does the speaker compare God? * 36.Briefly describe the progression of the extended metaphor in “Huswifery.” 37.What do all of the speaker’s words in “Huswifery” reflect?

42. Colonial Period Religious Views: The Great Awakening

43. Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) was not merely a stern, zealous preacher. He was a brilliant, thoughtful, and complicated man. Science, reason, and observation of the physical world confirmed Edwards’s deeply spiritual vision of a universe filled with the presence of God. from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Meet the Writer

44. O Sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: It is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath... from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards

45. Introducing the sermon This is Edwards’s most famous sermon, delivered in 1741. Edwards, like English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704), believed that everything we know comes from experience understanding and feeling are two distinct kinds of knowledge from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards

46. In this fire-and-brimstone sermon, Edwards uses the metaphor of fire to link his listeners’ experience of fire to the idea of burning in the fires of Hell because of their sins. [End of Section] How do you think Edwards would change his sermon if he were preaching today? from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards

47. “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Jonathan Edwards Paradox – a contradiction of terms Imagery – using sensory details to describe things Figure of speech (figurative language) –describing one thing in terms of another ; language not meant to be taken literally

48. Figures of speech are words or phrases that compare one thing to another, unlike thing. Edwards uses figures of speech to compare God’s wrath to ordinary, everyday things that his listeners could relate to and understand. from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Literary Focus: Figures of Speech

49. Edwards uses personification to focus his audience’s attention. Hell has a mouth and hands. God has hands. from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Literary Focus: Figures of Speech

50. Edwards uses the metaphor of God as an archer. The flight of an arrow is compared to the swiftness of God’s justice. from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Literary Focus: Figures of Speech

51. knew about the Gospel, that is, the biblical accounts of Jesus’ ministry, death, and resurrection The “natural men” Edwards was trying to awaken were those in the congregation who had never made a personal commitment to Jesus were complacent in their religious tradition from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Background

52. Make the Connection from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Quickwrite Many people would agree that fear is one of the most powerful motivators of human behavior. Fear of injury makes us buckle our seat belts. Fear of failure makes us study or work harder. Edwards and other pastors used harsh warnings in their sermons to make “sinners” understand the precariousness of their situation by actually feeling the fear and horror of their sinful state. Do you think fear is a great motivator? Write about what motivates you and whether you would use fear to motivate someone else.

53. Questions 28.What literary technique does Jonathan Edwards use when he describes things in comparison to other things? 29.What is the focus of Jonathan Edwards’s beliefs? 30.How does Edwards’s sermon affect his audience?

54. 31.What is the main point of Edwards’s sermon? 32. Edwards believes that God is all-powerful. What is another term for this characteristic? 33.Edwards frequently employs two stylistic devices. What are these devices? 34.Edwards describes a God that is both loving and vengeful. This contradiction of terms is also known as _______.

55. Colonial Period Test Writing Assignment Write a detailed paragraph explaining differences in the Puritan writing styles which occurred throughout the Colonial Period. Include a topic sentence, transitions, strong verbs, and a clincher sentence. Also, use at least three examples of specific writers, titles of texts, and differences.

56. Colonial Period Chart Assignment Literary Technique Used by Author Name of Author Title of Text (punctuated correctly) Specific example of literary technique revealed in this work 1. 2. 3.