1. Enceladus Life Finder E L F Ara Bablouzian Yifang Cao C.J. Hansen

5. Cassini 2005-present Launched 1997 Expected end of life 2017

6. Molecules necessary for life (2008) Ions in plumes (2008) Cassini Findings

7. Molecules necessary for life (2008) Ions in plumes (2008) Cassini Findings

11. Why a new mission? ● Cassini was not equipped for finding life - ELF will have spectrometers tuned for finding signs of life ● MASPEX (optimized for gas) will have 250x better resolution and 100,000x better sensitivity than Cassini ● ENIJA (optimized for solid particles) will have 30x better resolution and 100x better sensitivity than Cassini

12. Why a new mission? ● Cassini was not equipped for finding life - ELF will have spectrometers tuned for finding signs of life ● MASPEX (optimized for gas) will have 250x better resolution and 100,000x better sensitivity than Cassini ● ENIJA (optimized for solid particles) will have 30x better resolution and 100x better sensitivity than Cassini

13. ● Flyby’s - collect samples from plumes without landing ● 10 fly-bys over 3 years ● Baseline science completed in 4 fly-bys

14. Science goals 1. Measure abundances of neutral species to find out whether organics and volatiles have been thermally altered over time 2. Determine details of interior marine environment: pH, oxidation state, available chemical energy, and temperature—that allows us to assess its habitability-- Cassini was not equipped for this 3. Looks for indications that its organics are the result of biological processes

15. Science goals 1. Measure abundances of neutral species to find out whether organics and volatiles have been thermally altered over time 2. Determine details of interior marine environment: pH, oxidation state, available chemical energy, and temperature—that allows us to assess its habitability-- Cassini was not equipped for this 3. Looks for indications that its organics are the result of biological processes

16. Tests for Life 1. Amino acid pattern deviates from abiotic 2. Repeating subunit and clustering in membrane- building molecules 3. Combined isotopic and compositional trends Bonus: Chirality of amino acids

17. Tests for Life 1. Amino acid pattern deviates from abiotic 2. Repeating subunit and clustering in membrane- building molecules 3. Combined isotopic and compositional trends Bonus: Chirality of amino acids

18. Answer important science questions (Priority Questions for Planetary Science) What were the primordial sources of organic matter? Are there habitats today in the solar system that support life and do organisms live there now?