1. CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING THE ENVIRONMENT

2. SECTION 1 WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE? The study of the impact of humans on the environment.

3. FIELDS OF STUDY ECOLOGY—how living things react to other living things and their environment BIOLOGY– study of living things EARTH SCIENCE- study of earth’s features, processes PHYSICS– engineering : study of how matter and energy are made useful to humans CHEMISTRY- study of chemicals and their interactions SOCIAL STUDIES- relations between populations of humans

4. ENVIRONMENT THROUGH TIME I. HUNTER-GATHERERS– obtained food by collecting plants and hunting wild animals A) AFFECTS TO ENVIR. 1) set fires to maintain grasslands and not trees for bison 2) overhunted animals( giant bison, sloths, etc) and led to disappearance

5. II. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION - practice of growing, breeding, and caring for plants and animals used for food, cloths, transportation A) CHANGES CAUSED 1) Allowed human population to grow rapidly 2) Selectively breed plants from wild crops and changed food ate 3) Burn and destroyed habitats for farming

6. III. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - used fossil fuels ( coal and oil) for energy A) CHANGES CAUSED 1) increased production of goods 2) reduced need for human or animal power on farms 3) transportation cheap and long distances 4) urban areas grow rapidly 5) technology 6) substituted artifical materials with man made materials

7. TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS I. RESOURCE DEPLETION– natural material used by humans is almost used up or harvested faster than can be replaced renewable or nonrenewable resources ex: oil POLLUTION II. POLLUTION undesired change in air, water, or soil that adversely affects health biodegradable or nonbiodegradable

8. III. LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY number and variety of species living in an area

9. SECTION 2 I. TRAGEDY OF COMMONS SEE BOOK DIAGRAM FIGURE 15 lesson----- some group or person must take responsibility of a resource or it can be overused and become depleted.

10. II. ECONOMICS A) LAW OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND- greater demand for something that has a limited supply more it is worth ex: oil B) COST/ BENEFIT ANALYSIS== consumer and industry C) RISK ASSESSEMENT-- EX: nuclear energy

11. III. DEVELOPED VS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPED– high average income, slow population growth, strong social support system ex; US, JAPAN DEVELOPING– low income, high population growth ex: MEXICO, INDONESIA

12. IV. CONSUMPTION A) DEVELOPED VS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES – 1) Developed – using up resources faster than can be replaced ; waste 2) Developing – population too high not enough resources ; pollution, 3) ecological footprint– shows productive area of Earth needed to support one person in a particular country see pg 10 fig. 18

13. V. SUSTAINABLE WORLD SUSTAINABILITY– the condition in which human needs are met in such a way that a human population can survive indefinitely.