2. Elements of Reading Kaitlyn Jones For: Teacher’s Conference kaitlyn.jones@smail.astate.edu

3. Phonemic Awareness  Understanding that speech is made up of individual sounds  Foundation for phonics and spelling  Enables children to use sound-symbol correspondences to read and spell words  Has been shown to be the most powerful predictor of later reading achievement

4. Phonemic Awareness: Components of  Phonemes  Smallest units of speech  Graphemes  Letters of the alphabet

5. Phonemic Awareness: Strategies  Identifying sounds in words  Categorizing sounds in words  Substituting sounds to make new words  Blending sounds to form words  Segmenting words into sounds  Rhyming  Elkonin Boxes

6. Phonemic Awareness: Activities  Sound-matching activities  Sound-isolation activities  Sound-blending activities  Sound-addition and –substitution activities  Sound-segmentation activities

7. Phonics  Set of relationships between phonology and orthography  Explains relationships between phonemes and graphemes  Not a stand-alone element, but helpful when used with other elements

8. Phonics: Strategies  Multisensory phonics  Matching books to phonics features

9. Fluency  Ability to read quickly, accurately, and with expression  Must recognize words automatically and be able to identify unfamiliar words easily  3 Components  Automaticity  Speed  Prosody

10. Fluency: Strategies  Using music  Choral reading  Reader’s theatre  Shared Reading

11. Vocabulary  Deeply related to comprehension  Create a word-rich classroom  Immerse students in works  Pre-teach key words  Build background knowledge

12. Vocabulary: Strategies  List-Group-Label  Possible sentences  Semantic Feature Analysis  Word Hunts  Word Maps  Word Walls

13. Text Comprehension  Activate background knowledge  Teach students how to make connections  Text-to-self  Text-to-world  Text-to-text  Teach students to determine importance  Teach students to draw inferences

14. Text Comprehension: Strategies  Literacy Circles  QAR  SWIT

15. Conclusion  Which elements do you use most in your classroom?  Which strategies do you use most in your classroom?  How effective are the strategies you use?  What can we do to make them more effective?

16. Refereneces  Literacy for the 21 st Century, Gail E. Tompkins