1. Geology 155 Oceanography

2. What is Oceanography?

3. Oceanography Subdisciplines Geological Geological Physical Physical Chemical Chemical Biological Biological

4. How Do the Oceans Impact Us? Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina Indonesia Tsunami Indonesia Tsunami

5. Hurricane Katrina

7. 2004 Indonesia Tsunami Click image above to view film footage

8. Indonesia Tsunami

9. Gaining Knowledge of the Oceans Early Voyages Early Voyages Science for Voyaging Science for Voyaging Age of Discovery Age of Discovery Voyaging for Science Voyaging for Science

10. Early Voyages

11. Science for Voyaging Polynesia Colonization Polynesia Colonization Vikings Vikings Chinese Chinese The Age of Discovery The Age of Discovery

12. The Age of Discovery Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry the Navigator Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan

13. Voyaging for Science The First Scientific Exploration The First Scientific Exploration James Cook James Cook Charles Darwin Charles Darwin The Challenger Expedition The Challenger Expedition

14. The Challenger Expedition Major Contributions... Major Contributions... –First pure scientific expedition –Life was possible below 549 m (1800 ft) –Discovered 4,717 new species –Collected ocean water information Temperature, salinity, and water density Temperature, salinity, and water density Ocean current and sediment distribution Ocean current and sediment distribution

15. 21 st Century Technology Underwater Sonar Sonar Submersibles Submersibles Satellite MODIS MODIS QuikSCAT QuikSCAT TRMM TRMM

16. Ocean Facts About 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by water. About 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by water. Average depth of the Pacific Ocean = 4,638 m Average depth of the Pacific Ocean = 4,638 m Average depth of the Atlantic Ocean = 3,872 m Average depth of the Atlantic Ocean = 3,872 m Average temperature = 3.9°C (39.0°F) Average temperature = 3.9°C (39.0°F) Age of oceans = 4 billion years Age of oceans = 4 billion years

17. Hydrologic Cycle Continuous cycle of how water moves through different reservoirs, or from ocean to air, onto land, to lakes and streams and groundwater back to the sky and ocean.

18. Hypsographic Curve Shows distribution of elevations and depths on Earth Shows distribution of elevations and depths on Earth ( Know how to read graph)