2. LIMESTONE Outcomes The reactions of limestone How cement and concrete are made

3. THE LIMESTONE CYCLE

4. MAKING CEMENT AND CONCRETE Cement: Heat limestone with clay in a kiln Concrete Sand, water, cement and aggregate

6. REACTIONS OF METAL CARBONATES Objectives: How do carbonates undergo thermal decomposition? How do carbonates react with acids? What is the test for carbon dioxide?

7. REACTIONS OF OTHER CARBONATES Other metal carbonates undergo thermal decomposition to produce a metal oxide and carbon dioxide Magnesium carbonate Copper carbonate Zinc carbonate Write a word equation for the reaction of each. Metal carbonates also react with acids and the rate of reaction depends on the position of the metal in the reactivity series kerboodle

8. TESTING FOR CARBON DIOXIDE Reacting a carbonate with acid will produce a gas How do you know? How can you test for this gas? How could you test which carbonate produces the most gas?

10. METAL EXTRACTION To make progress you should: Most: Be able to list examples of native metals and metals found in ores Be able to relate the use of carbon in metal extraction to the reactivity of a metal Be able to identify a reduction process from a description of a reaction. Some: Be able to explain why the extraction of some metals e.g. aluminium and titanium is costly.

11. SCIENTIFIC TERMS Transition Metals High Grade Ores Low Grade Ores Electrolysis Smelting Phytomining Bioleaching Quarrying

12. THE REACTIVITY SERIES Kerboodle – interactive activity Kerboodle - animation

14. REDUCTION What is reduction? Metal ores are heated with carbon. As carbon is more reactive than the metal it removes the oxygen from the metal ore to leave the pure metal. What metals can be extracted from their ores by reduction? Zinc, iron tin and lead

15. ELECTROLYSIS What is electrolysis? Splitting up of a metal compound using electricity What metals are extracted from their ores by electrolysis? Aluminium, magnesium, titanium

16. ALLOYS

17. OTHER USEFUL METALS Transition metals The transition metals are found in the central block of the Periodic Table

18. EXTRACTING COPPER Copper rich ores - smelting We can also extract copper from low grade ores Method 1 – Bioleaching – uses bacteria Method 2 – Phytomining – uses plants

20. RECYCLING METALS Lesson Outcomes Most: Can describe properties and uses of metals Can describe why we recycle metals