1. LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT --- ADOLESCENCE & ADULTHOOD Siyuan Chen

2. Adolescence  Ask yourself:  Are you teenager?  Are you adult?  How do you define those two concepts?  Do you have a age range for them?  Age 11-22? Do you agree or not? Why?

3. Adolescence  Physical development  Puberty (p.319)  A period of several years with rapid growth, physical changes culminating in sexual maturity  Girls: age 10 (7-14) Vs. Boys: age 12 (9-16)  If they develop earlier or later than average age, what might happen on them (boys and girls respectively)? Because they have different positive or negative effects.

4. Adolescence  Secondary sexual characteristics occur  Sexual desires increase  Think about these:  Teen pregnancy higher in U.S. than in any other developed country  Most teen pregnancy occur after age 16  Students who attend religious service and live with both parents under authoritative patenting style tend to have less sexual experience during teenage time.

5. Adolescence  Cognitive development  Piaget’s formal operations stage (p.293)  Establish moral standards, but seldom consider the consequences of behaviors  Information-processing skills increase  Reasoning, arguing, analyzing skills increase  Both manage abstract & concrete concepts  Understand hypothetical terms

6. Adolescence  Personal fable  I’m so unique that it will never happen on me  Imaginary audience  I need to prepare my best every second, for I can tell they are concern about me all the time  Naive idealism  I can change and save the world!

7. Adolescence  Emotional development  Erikson’s psychosocial development theories  Identity vs. Role confusion How can I fit in the adult world? What can I do? Where am I going? Who do I plan to be? What kind of life I want to have? Identity : know who am I, have clear future direction Role confusion: no idea about self & future

8. Adolescence  Social development  Friendship  Spend more time to talk/ to share/ to hang out  Try to do the same thing that others are doing  Don’t want to be “different”  Relationship  It comes fast and ends fast also  Usually break up after graduation from high school  Curious about sex

9. Early & Middle Adulthood  Physical changes  20’s and 30’s Period of top physical condition Strength, reaction time, reproductive capacity, and manual dexterity are at their peak  After the 30’s Slight decline in physical capabilities Mostly due to diet, exercise, and health habits  Mid- to late-40’s Presbyopia (p.328) Lenses of the eyes no longer react for near vision Reading glasses are needed Menopause (p.328) Cessation of menstruation and reproductive capability Occurs between ages 45-55 Testosterone diminishes in men from age 20-60

10. Early & Middle Adulthood  Cognitive development  Intelligence  Crystallized Intelligence (p.338) Aspects of intelligence including verbal ability and accumulated knowledge Tends to increase over the lifespan  Fluid Intelligence (p.338) Aspects of intelligence involving abstract reasoning and mental flexibility Peaks in early 20s and declines slowly with age  Memory Processing speed in short term memory Recall of items with no particular meaning for them

11. Early & Middle Adulthood  Emotional & Social development  Family, relationship, parenting  Erikson’s psychosocial stages theories  Intimacy vs. Isolation (age 22-40) Leads to finding a life partner or acceptance of single life Intimacy: involve in stable relationship, have family, have good social support system Isolation: single, no contact with parents, no solid social relationships  Generativity vs. Stagnation (age 40-65) Desire to guide the next generation via parenting, teaching, or mentoring

12. Early & Middle Adulthood  Think about these:  People are getting into late-marriage or cohabitation in recent years  Teen pregnancy parents usually have tough early adulthood on study and work  Late-marriage couples face the issue of whether they should have children or not  Single successful people might have difficulty to find true love  Many marriage families choose to divorce for problems  Divorce families have challenges to get remarried and to raise step-kids.

13. Early & Middle Adulthood  Middle-age crisis  Physical abilities or functions decline Feel scared, lost, upset  Empty nest syndrome Parents appreciate reexamination of life and identity  Stress overload Balancing demands of work, home, family, and retirement Successful management leads to sense of competence

14. Late Adulthood  Age 65+  Physical loose  The body functions decline obviously Become farsighted Increasingly impaired night vision Hearing loss in higher frequencies Joints become stiffer Bones lose calcium and become brittle Increased risk of fractures  Memory is not stable all the times Recognition and recalling can be good sometimes Alzheimer’s disease (p.338)

15. Late Adulthood  Erikson’s psychosocial stages theories  Ego Integrity vs. Despair (age 65+) Acceptance of one’s life in preparation for facing death Ego Integrity: have hope, enjoy the rest of life Despair: hopelessness, waiting for death and getting rid of pain  Other crisis Loss of a spouse Loss of children Loss of social supporting group Loss purpose of life Loss of sense of usefulness Isolation Neglect Family abuse

16. Late Adulthood  Think about these:  If an elder person was seriously ill on bed, suffering great pain every day. The elder asked for dying with a shot.  If you are the doctor, what will you think and do?  If you are his/her children, what will you think and do?  If you are a lawyer, what will you think and do?