1. Maximizing Energy Efficiency Maximizing Energy Efficiency

2. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 2 Prize Drawing!! Fill out your Prize Drawing card for a chance to win a Free MCP3911 ADC Eval Board Evaluate the performance of the MCP3911 dual-channel ADC Development platform for 16-bit PIC-based applications

3. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 3 Prize Drawing!! Enter to win a unique experience to ride in Nuvation’s Electric Racecar! Sign-up times available at Microchip’s Registration Booth

4. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 4 Agenda Low Power Trends and Design Challenges nanoWatt XLP eXtreme Low Power Maximizing Battery Runtime and Efficiency Reducing System Power Measuring & Monitoring Power Additional Resources & Summary

5. Low Power Trends and Design Challenges

6. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 6 Demand Rising for Low Power Designs Fast growing battery applications demand longer life Government & Green Initiatives: 1-Watt, 1/2-Watt Energy harvesting designs now a reality MedicalSecurityConsumerMetering

7. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 7 Smart Energy Trends Green legislation and regulation Environmentally-friendly products Reducing load on utility providers Longer battery life Smaller form factors Reduced heat dissipation Lower system costs

8. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 8 Low Power Design Challenges Power Supply Choice – Battery, Energy Harvesting… Form Factor – Battery, Size, Weight Maintaining Performance and Features User Interface – LCD, Touch, LEDs, Buzzer Connectivity – Wireless (RF, 802.11…), Wired (USB…) Robustness and Reliability System Efficiency Cost

9. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 9 WDT Typical Application Profile Sleep Real Time Clock Brown Out Reset Run Current Long battery life required 20 years in some cases Low run current requirements Must periodically perform specific tasks Example - Smoke Detectors sample air quality once every N seconds Must be robust & reliable Example - Must detect dying battery, provide warning Signals to alert resident and perform safe shutdown

10. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 10 Factors Affecting Power Consumption Power Down Mode Sleep Current Sleep Time Real-Time Clock Watchdog Timer Brown Out Reset Pin Leakage Intermediate Wake Up Time Run Mode Run Current Execution Time Power management modes I PD nA I DD uA/MHz Power Down Time Wake Up Time I AVG Run Time Oscilloscope Plot Energy Consumption = V DD x (I run x t run + I pd x t pd + I int x t int )

11. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 11 Lowering Active Current Enable Only Peripherals Used Use Optimal Active or Run Mode and Clock Speed Optimize Your Code Benchmark and optimize for speed, size and RAM Smart Circuit Design Floating I/Os, I/O states (Sleep), ceramic & storage caps…

12. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 12 Lowering Sleep Power Lower sleep current Lower Operating Voltage Stay in Sleep mode as long as possible Minimize peripherals used in Sleep Real-time Clock (RTC ) Watchdog Timer (WDT or DSWDT) Brown-out Reset (BOR)

13. nanoWatt XLP eXtreme Low Power Technology

14. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 14 nanoWatt XLP Technology Design and manufacturing processes fined tuned for low power Specialized low power peripherals introduced Industry-leading Benchmark for Low Power MCUs World’s lowest Sleep and Run Currents Up to 5-7 times better than competing MCUsDefinition nanoWatt XLP (eXtreme Low Power) Technology Microchip proprietary technology used to design microprocessors with power consumption below 1 µA in standby mode with an RTCC or WDT running. Best specifications achieved to date Sleep: 9 nA @1.8V Real-time Clock Calendar (RTCC): 450 nA @1.8V Watchdog Timer (WDT): 200 nA @2.0V

15. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 15 XLP Low Power Modes 7 operating modes, configured by software: RUN [active power] Core & Peripherals run at same clock speed DOZE [active power] Core slower, peripherals full speed IDLE [active power] Core OFF, peripherals ON SLEEP [static power] Core OFF, most peripherals OFF Low Voltage SLEEP [static power] Core OFF, most peripherals OFF DEEP SLEEP [static power] Core & most peripherals not powered V BAT [static power] Core & all peripherals power removed or battery dead

16. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 16 Choice of Power Down Modes 3 Power Down Options Sleep Low Voltage (LV) Sleep Deep Sleep Three Application Scenarios: Sleep most of the time Wake-up every second to process data then go back to sleep Sleep most of the time Wake-up every second to process data then go back to sleep 1 Sleep most of the time Wake-up to process data once every hour, day etc. Sleep most of the time Wake-up to process data once every hour, day etc. 3 Very likely to use SLEEP Mode Very likely to use DEEP SLEEP mode with RTCC Sleep most of the time Wake-up every few seconds to process data then go back to sleep Sleep most of the time Wake-up every few seconds to process data then go back to sleep 2 Very likely to use LV SLEEP Mode Current Consumption RunSleepDeep Sleep LV Sleep

17. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 17 Best in class Snap Shot PIC ® MCU with XLP Technology Flash (KB)Pins Sleep (nA) Deep Sleep (nA) WDT (nA) 32 kHz SOSC/RTCC (nA) μA/MHz PIC16F182328/1420-30060034 PIC18LF47J13/J5364-12828/442009330700197 PIC24F16KL4024-1614/20/2830-210690150 PIC24FJ64GB00432-6428/4420020200500250 PIC24FJ128GA31064-12864/10033010270400150 All numbers are typical values at minimum V DD, EC, taken from the datasheet. Datasheet not having 1MHz EC, numbers are (Typ Current/Max Freq)All numbers are typical values at minimum V DD, EC, taken from the datasheet. Datasheet not having 1MHz EC, numbers are (Typ Current/Max Freq) Total 166 XLP PIC MCUs Total !

18. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 18 Getting Started XLP 16-bit Development Board Power Supply USB, DC Part #: DM240311 6-pin Harvester Connector mTouch™ Technology Buttons PICtail™ Connector Prototype - RF, IR, Analog Battery Options CR2032 or 2 x AAA Generous Prototyping Area Debugger Connection Serial Accessory Port

19. Maximizing Battery Runtime and Efficiency

20. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 20 Consumer Replaceable Battery Comparison Battery TypeKey AttributesApplication & Battery Selection Alkaline AA, AAA, AAAA Inexpensive Widely available Low to High Drain Wide variety of portable devices Lithium Iron Disulfide AA, AAA High Performance 15 Year Shelf Life Cold Temperature Safe and Reliable Lightweight World’s Longest Lasting AA/AAA in High Tech Devices Lithium Coin CR2025, CR2032 Small Lightweight Low drain, low peaks 7 – 10 year shelf life Small, low energy devices

21. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 21 Alkaline Discharge Curve AA size battery; 50 mW continuous Alkaline

22. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 22 Alkaline Battery Capacity AA size batteries; continuous discharge to 1.0V Alkaline

23. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 23 Alkaline Continuous vs. 10% Duty Cycle More capacity can be utilized in an alkaline battery in non-continuous applications compared to continuous discharge due to voltage recovery.

24. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 24 Lithium FeS2 Discharge Curve AA size battery; 50 mW continuous Alkaline Lithium Iron Disulfide

25. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 25 Lithium FeS2 Low Rate Discharge AA size batteries; 1 mA continuous 2Li + FeS 2  Li 2 FeS 22Li + FeS 2  Li 2 FeS 2 2Li + Li 2 FeS 2  Fe + 2Li 2 S2Li + Li 2 FeS 2  Fe + 2Li 2 S Lithium Iron Disulfide Alkaline

26. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 26 LiFeS2 Battery Capacity AA size batteries; continuous discharge to 1.0V Lithium Iron Disulfide Alkaline

27. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 27 Lithium Coin Discharge Curve 1 mA continuous; Boost = Microchip MCP1640 output to 3.3V 2 x Alkaline AAAA in series CR2032 1 x Alkaline AAAA w/Boost

28. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 28 Lithium Coin Energy Continuous discharge; Boost = Microchip MCP1640 output to 3.3V 2 x Alkaline AAAA in series CR2032 1 x Alkaline AAAA w/Boost

29. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 29 Battery Efficiency Example 1 x AA Flashlight Minimum Operating Voltage = 0.9V Average Drains 1000 mA (Bright) 250 mA (Dim) Pulse Width Modulation to control dimming

30. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 30 Battery Efficiency Example Higher operating voltage and flatter discharge curve of lithium batteries will improve runtime and light output. Discharging to 0.9 V removes nearly all available capacity in both alkaline and lithium batteries

31. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 31 Battery Efficiency Example Approximate Max Capacity Alkaline = 2800 mAh Lithium = 3300 mAh Approximate Efficiency Bright Alkaline = 25% Lithium = 91% Dim Alkaline = 61% Lithium = 98% Dimming via PWM further increases efficiency; lowering overall drain by pulsing the battery as opposed to a continuous drain.

32. Battery Management Systems Nuvation Engineering

33. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 33 Battery Management Systems Monitor and manage large battery packs Each cell must have it’s voltage monitored and balanced Substantially extends battery life by ensuring cells are not over charged nor over discharged With some Lithium chemistries, this is required to prevent fires! A single bad cell can disable an entire battery! Requires precision closed loop electronics Problem: Each Battery Application has own specific requirements Battery size Battery chemistry Communication interfaces Electronics form factor Redundancy Safety standards

34. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 34 Custom Engineered Battery Management Solutions Customized, flexible solution built around Microchip dsPIC33 processor Scalable designs (10’s to 1000’s of cells) Compatible with lithium, nickel, silver based and other battery chemistries Maximizes usable battery capacity through voltage & temperature monitoring and balancing Cost efficient distributed topology Software configurable to detect fault conditions early Low power consumption Performance validated

35. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 35 Challenge #1: Fast time to market Challenge: Fast time to market Customer and time constraints required developing software in parallel with Controller hardware Solution: dsPIC ® DSC EVM allowed us to test Packman hardware in electric race car development test platform Cool flexible “backplane” approach to EVM development allowed us to make an “E-Rex Daughtercard” add-on modules to expedite development Ethernet expansion board CAN expansion board Custom prototyping board MPLAB ® X enabled expedited dsPIC DSC development natively on Linux workstation dsPIC ® DSC EVM

36. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 36 Challenge #2: Data Collection and Real-Time Processing Challenge #2: Real time processing of hundreds of cell voltages and temperatures Solution: dsPIC33 has large SRAM and DSP capabilities Enabled data collection and real-time processing of hundreds of cell voltages and temperatures in an application like E-Rex Still bandwidth left over to implement a digital filter to process stack current.

37. Powering Your Application

38. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 38 Typical 2 x AAA Battery Circuit What about using a Single Cell with a PIC® MCU? Any PIC® MCU V SS V DD

39. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 39 Typical 2 x AAA Battery Circuit Any PIC® MCU V SS V DD

40. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 40 Using a Single Cell with a PIC ® MCULCDPIC16LF1937PIC16LF1937 T   :  V SS V IN SW EN V OUT GND V FB MCP1624 Any PIC® MCU V SS V DD V SS

41. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 41 PIC Microcontroller VDD Stability Over Battery Life V SS V IN SW EN V OUT GND V FB MCP1624 time V BATT 1.5V 0.8V 2.0 - 5.5V Battery Voltage MCU V DD

42. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 42 Why Use the MCP1624? Performance Stable 2.0V–5.5V output across full V BAT Output current up to 175 mA Cost Approximately the price of an AA battery in volume Reduced shipping burden Small 6-pin footprint SOT-23 & 2 × 3 mm DFN Lightweight, Small form factor, portable V IN SW EN V OUT GND V FB MCP1624

43. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 43 What about a Real-time Clock?LCDPIC16LF1937PIC16LF1937 T   :  V SS V DD MFP SCL SDA X1 X2 V BAT V SS MCP79410 Any PIC® MCU V SS Crystal 32.768 kHz +3V V DD (MCP1624 or 2 x Alkaline) MCP79410 New Real-time Clock & Calendar Low Voltage and Current V DD = 1.8V to 5.5V, V BAT = 1.3V to V DD - 0.2V, I BAT = 700 nA @ 1.8V 1 Kbit EPROM, 64 Bytes SRAM and 64 bit Unique ID Small 8-pin footprint SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP and 2 × 3 mm TDFN

44. Complementary Low Power Analog & Memory

45. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 45 Industry Leading Low Power Analog Signal Signal Chain Chain Signal Signal Chain Chain USER INTERFACEUSER INTERFACE PowerPower ManagementManagement PowerPower ManagementManagement ExternalExternal MemoryMemory ExternalExternal MemoryMemory

46. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 46 Power Management Common components of battery-powered systems Switching power supplies Temperature sensors Linear regulators Supervisor chips Charge pumps Single Cell Booster I Q = 45 mA, 100 nA SleepI Q = 45 mA, 100 nA Sleep I DD = 6 mAI DD = 6 mA Sleep @ 100 nASleep @ 100 nA I Q = 1.6 mAI Q = 1.6 mA I DD = 1 mAI DD = 1 mA Shutdown @ 700 nAShutdown @ 700 nA

47. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 47 Signal Chain Commonly used analog products in battery-powered systems Operational amplifiers (Op Amps) Comparators Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) Digital potentiometers I Q = 600nAI Q = 600nA 18-bits @ 39mA18-bits @ 39mA 12-bits @ 200mA12-bits @ 200mA Sleep @ 300nASleep @ 300nA

48. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 48 Microchip Analog - Best-in-Class Use of NVM trim and low power in Analog products Provides high-performance innovative analog solutions Meets needs of high-volume applications Meets high quality requirements of the automotive industry Reduces customer and manufacturing system costs

49. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 49 Proprietary Low Power Enabling Technology The Low Power Analog Solution Low Power CMOS Process Lower power than competing processes 1 µA Bandgap References Enables low power references and voltage regulators Temperature Stable High Value Poly Resistors High resistance in small space needed for low power consumption, difficult to manufacture Non-volatile Trim - Accuracy achieved through after- package trimming, not complex, power consuming circuitry Simplified Designs Proprietary designs reduce circuit complexity giving more performance for less power Understanding of Customer Needs Only necessary features are included, unnecessary power consuming features are left out

50. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 50 Industry-Leading Low Power Products Supervisors MCP111/2, MCP102/3, MCP121/131 - 1 µA quiescent current ADCs MCP3421 Delta-Sigma - 145 µA supply current MCP3551 Delta-Sigma - 120 µA supply current DACs MCP4728, 12-bit, 4-ch - 20 µA supply current per ch Op Amps/Comparators MCP604X, MCP614X, MCP654X - 600 nA quiescent current LDOs MCP1700 - 1.6 µA quiescent current MCP1702 - 2 µA quiescent current Switching Regulators MCP1603 Buck regulator - 45 µA quiescent current MCP1640 Boost regulator - 19 µA quiescent current Charge Pumps MCP1256/7/8/9 - 10 µA supply current Digital Potentiometers MCP434X/436X - NVM, quad channel - 7/8-bit resolution Safety & Security RE46C107/117 Horn Drivers - 2-5V operating voltage Battery Chargers - 1 µA typical shutdown - Auto shutdown features

51. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 51 Low-Power Memory Products Microchip’s low-power memory products 24VL024 1.5V, 2KB I DD = 400 mA 24AA256 1.7V, 256KB I DD = 400 mA Sleep @ 100 nASleep @ 100 nA

52. Measuring and Monitoring Power

53. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 53 AC/DC Supplies (PSU) E-circuit Breakers Industrial Meters Computing Power Distribution Units (PDU) Consumer Power Strips Smart Outlets Energy Measurement in any product except utility metering Power Monitoring is a Broad Market Tablets & Laptops Consumer Electronics Appliances Servers

54. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 54 What are the Concerns? Accuracy (Accuracy vs. Cost)Accuracy (Accuracy vs. Cost) Calibration It’s a necessary evilCalibration It’s a necessary evil Simplicity “I just want to connect power and read data out”Simplicity “I just want to connect power and read data out” Expertise Customization & SupportExpertise Customization & Support CostCost

55. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 55 0.1% - 1% Error 1% - 3% Error 3% - 5% Error Potential for Lowest Calibration Cost Potential for Lowest Chip Cost Lowest Solution Cost Determined by Specific Design Needs Options by Accuracy MCU Only 3% - 5% Error MCU + Op Amps MCU + Measurement IC 1% - 3% Error0.1% - 1% Error Energy Measure AFE Calculation Engine MCUwithADCMCUwithADC

56. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 56 Easy to Use - On-board DC Current Measurement Energy Measure AFE Fixed Calculation Engine I V Data Temp EMC1701/02/04 PAC1710/20   Single Chip Power Monitoring Solution   Built-in calculations – No software work (“Black Box”)   SMBus or I 2 C™ interface   On-Chip & external thermal measurement (EMC170x)

57. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 57 Schematics, source code, GUI, presentation, and accuracy data available today Solution 1% Accurate @ 100 mA to 15A 1 point calibration ~150:1 Dynamic Range, 1% Accuracy MCP6L2 HPF LPFs MCU Lowest Cost & Customizable Single Phase - Shunt PIC24F04KA201 (4k Flash) PIC24F08KL200 (8k Flash) UART/I 2 C™/SPI

58. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 58  Serial I/F SPI MCP3911 PIC ® MCU MCP3911 Measurement IC 10 mA to 80A (8000:1) Down to 0.2% Accuracy Capable of widest current range & best accuracy Fastest calibration Requires energy measurement software MCP3911 Eval Board (ADM00398) Select processor module of choice Connect shunt or CT Best Accuracy & Customizable Single Phase - Shunt

59. Additional Resources & Summary

60. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 60 nanoWatt XLP Battery Life Estimator XLP Battery Life Estimator (Free Download) Easy to Use & Flexible Select PIC ® MCU and battery type Enter application Run and Sleep times Select peripherals and application currents View battery life, average and maximum current estimates Add new device and battery profiles Save profiles and compare results © 2013 Energizer, Energizer and other marks are trademarks owned by Energizer.

61. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 61 eXtreme Low Power Design Center Featuring… White Papers, Tips n’ Tricks Application Notes Case Studies Deep Sleep Web Seminar XLP Videos Product Data Sheets & Family Reference Manuals Competitive Benchmarks Development Tools XLP Product Selection Samples Purchasing www.microchip.com/XLP

62. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 62 Power Monitoring Design Center

63. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 63 Designing for Power Efficiency XLP Portfolio has World’s lowest power 9 nA Deep Sleep and <35 μA/MHz active currents Smart Low Voltage MCP1624 device Enables single cell operation Industry-leading Low Power integration LCD, Touch Sensing, USB & more Complete Development Support Energy Harvesting Development Tool Support Low Power Wireless, Analog and Memory products

64. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 64 This presentation was brought to you by Visit www.digikey.com/microchipdiscount www.digikey.com/microchipdiscount for Design West 2013 Special Discounts Digi-Key Coupon also included in training bag

65. Questions?

66. Thank You

67. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 67 Trademarks l The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KeeLoq, KeeLoq logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC 32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. l FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. l Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In ‑ Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. l SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. l All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. l © 2013, Microchip Technology Incorporated, All Rights Reserved.