1. Evaluating Smart Cities’ Sustainability: Smartainability A. Temporelli, P. Girardi Forum on Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities: striving for sustainable development goals Roma, May the 19 th 2016

2. Smartainability Summary Methodology introduction Case study: Expo Milano 2015 Guidelines Conclusions

3. Methodology introduction What is Smartainability? New original methodology to evaluate benefits generated by the implementation of innovative technologies within smart cities. Benefits quantification is realized considering the difference between the performances of innovative technologies and traditional ones. Smartainability allows to assess technological solutions enabling “smart” functionalities which improve environmental, economical and social conditions within urban districts or whole cities.

4. Smart Grids assessment Smart Cities ranking Methodology introduction Smartainability methodologies

5. ASSETS FUNCTIONALITIES BENEFITS KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - KPI Analysis dimensions: Environment Economy Energy Living Methodology introduction Smartainability approach

6. ASSETS FUNCTIONALITIES Functionality 1Functionality 2Functionality n Asset 1 Asset 2 Asset n FUNCTIONALITIES BENEFITS Benefit 1Benefit 2Benefit n Functionality 1 Functionality 2 Functionality n BENEFITS KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - KPI EnvironmentEconomyEnergyLiving Benefit 1 Benefit 2 Benefit n Methodology introduction Assets-Functionalities-Benefits-KPIs Matrix

7. PRODUCTION USE DISPOSAL Methodology introduction Life Cycle Perspective

8. Case study: Expo Milano 2015 Goal of the analysis Assess with quali-quantitative indicators the sustainability of innovative technologies, enabling smart functionalities, deployed within the Expo Milano 2015 Digital Smart City

9. Case study: Expo Milano 2015 Technology clusters Energy distribution network and Lighting system Telecommunication network and Telepresence Mobility

10. Case study: Expo Milano 2015 Overall results DimensionKPIU.M. Energy distribution network and Lighting system Telecommunication network and Telepresence Mobility Environment Greenhouse Gases t CO 2 -Eq-20761-702-132 Acid Gases NOx t NOx -34.31-1.67-1.76E-01 Acid Gases SO 2 t SO 2 -60.29-1.77-2.60E-01 Particulate PM10t PM10-5.19-0.14-1.11E-02 Particulate PM2.5t PM2.5-3.92-0.11-1.73E-02 Economy Costs € -5425432-838843-69651 Costs variation by energy service suspension - -58%

11. Case study: Expo Milano 2015 Overall results DimensionKPIU.M. Energy distribution network and Lighting system Telecommunication network and Telepresence Mobility Energy Energy used MWh -28580 ÷ -36580-836 Primary fossil energy usedMWh -1488 Renewable energy used%+5% +798% Living Service suspension number - -25% Service suspension duration --45% Saved time- High+3.3% Information points- High Foiled cybernetic attaches- High Simultaneously connected users - High Services and applications availability - High Effectiveness decisions growth - +9.7% Exposure index- High Customer engagement- High Driving stress level- Low

12. Guidelines What’s inside Methodology consolidation in guidelines to repeat the assessment in other «real» case study Definition of the main terms of the analysis Identification of further analysis dimensions Detailed description of all the steps of the analysis Creation of a set of suggested indicators

13. Guidelines Definition of a set of suggested indicators Smartainability ISO 37120:2014 ISO/TS 37151:2015 Smart City Index 2014 Smart Cities – Ranking of European medium- sized cities Ecosistema Urbano Envision Sustainable Infrastructure Rating System UNECE-ITU Smart Sustainable Cities Indicators

14. UNECE-ITU and Smartainability Opportunity of integration Many sustainability indicators sets Many smartness indicators sets UNECE-ITU smartness & sustainability Indicators City profile: based on a set of development indicators, containing specific policy recommendations for “smartening” the cities Based on Assets- Functionalities-Benefits-KPIs approach Focus on benefits quantification rather than assets Able to integrate other KPIs sets Able to support ex ante evaluation and not picture of existing situation Support in city planning towards sustainability by means of smart city paradigm

15. Conclusions Smartainability features New original methodology Ex-ante evaluation of innovative technologies Quantitative indicators consolidated in guidelines Aimed at support planning rather than city evaluation

16. Thank you for your attention “Smartainability® is a project financed by the Italian fund “Ricerca per il Sistema Elettrico Nazionale”, decree of Italian Economic Development Ministry November 9th 2012 and following”

17. Next steps Sharing Cities project – SHAR-LLM ENERGY Public and private buildings energy retrofitting MOBILITY E-car sharing E-bike sharing E-Log Smart Parking ICT Data collection Data analysis

18. Strength and weakness points Ex-ante evaluations Indicators evaluate benefits, not functionalities/assets Sustainability and smartness combined evaluation Monitoring/evaluation ex post thanks to KPI Partners provide data without impartiality KPI assessment based on estimated values and hypothesis

19. Smart technology features It’s able to communicate, even in both directions (obtain and provide information) It’s checked in remote or provided of local intelligence which allows to adapt to several situations (adaptation) It predicts market tendency waiting for economies of scale

20. ASSETS FUNCTIONALITIES Advanced grid security Advanced grid detection Energy loads knowledge and control Loads optimization Advanced lighting management RSE (Renewable Energy Sources) optimization Hosting capacity increase Protection and remote control system Sensors SF 6 switchboard Smart meters Energy management system LED outdoor lamps Remote control system LED outdoor Storage Advanced design Case study: Expo Milano 2015 Energy distribution network and Lighting system

21. FUNCTIONALITIES BENEFITS Better service quality Higher security Losses decrease and higher energy saving Best use of renewable resources Higher reliability Pollutant emissions reduction Advanced grid security Advanced grid detection Energy loads knowledge and control Loads optimization Advanced lighting management RES (Renewable Energy Sources) optimization Hosting capacity increase Case study: Expo Milano 2015 Energy distribution network and Lighting system

22. BENEFITS KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - KPI EnvironmentEconomyEnergyLiving Greenhouse gases Acid gases Particulate (PM10 & PM2.5) Costs Costs variation by service suspension Energy used Renewable energy used Service suspension number Service suspension duration Better service quality Higher security Losses decrease and higher energy saving Best use of renewable resources Higher reliability Pollutant emissions reduction Case study: Expo Milano 2015 Energy distribution network and Lighting system

23. Methodology introduction What’s the meaning for Smartness and Sustainability? SMARTNESS The ability, with ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) implementation, to offer better and accessible services. SUSTAINABILITY The ability of reducing environmental impacts (pollutant emissions), delineating costs, improving economy and life quality.

24. Economy Environment People Guidelines Set of suggested indicators Living Energy Greenhouse gases Acid gases Particulate matter precursors Photochemical pollutant precursors Produced wastes Percentage of recyclable wastes Water consumption Water supply network losses Purchase, maintenance and disposal costs Energy costs New local jobs Enabling innovative services Energy service suspension number Energy service suspension duration ICT service suspension number ICT service suspension duration Total energy used Renewable primary energy used Fossil primary energy used Saved time Services accessibility Coverage of fixed last generation communication service Coverage of mobile last generation communication service Real time monitoring Voter turnout Promptness intervention Social cohesion impact People involved in decision and co-design processes