1. Westward Expansion- Take out your NOTES

6. Manifest Destiny- prepare to take NOTES

7. Title your notes “Manifest Destiny”

8. Create these main ideas: Presidential election of 1844 Texas Mexican War, 1846-1848 Mexican Cession

9. Create these main ideas: Presidential election of 1844 Texas Mexican War, 1846-1848 Mexican Cession The Mormon Church The California Gold Rush Transcontinental Railroad

10. Presidential Election of 1844 Henry Clay v. James Polk –Polk- favored expansion to the Pacific coast –Polk won the election

11. Texas 1821: Stephen Austin brings American settlers to Texas (Mexican Republic)

12. Texas 1821: Stephen Austin brings American settlers to Texas (Mexican Republic) 1833: Gen. Santa Anna becomes a dictator in Mexico

13. Texas 1821: Stephen Austin brings American settlers to Texas (Mexican Republic) 1833: Gen. Santa Anna becomes a dictator in Mexico 1835: Texans rebel against Mexico

14. Texas 1821: Stephen Austin brings American settlers to Texas (Mexican Republic) 1833: Gen. Santa Anna becomes a dictator in Mexico 1835: Texans rebel against Mexico 1836: Texas becomes independent (the Lone Star Republic)

15. Mexican War 1844: James Polk elected president

16. Mexican War 1844: James Polk elected president 1845: U.S. annexes Texas

17. Mexican War 1844: James Polk elected president 1845: U.S. annexes Texas 1845: Mexico refuses U.S. offer to buy California and New Mexico Territory for $30 million

18. Mexican War 1846: Mexico and U.S. troops fire on each other over the disputed border between Mexico and Texas.

19. Mexican War 1846: California Territory rebels against Mexico and creates the Bear Flag Republic

20. Mexican Cession 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

21. Mexican Cession 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo –Mexico cedes California and New Mexico Territories to U.S.

22. Mexican Cession 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo –Mexico cedes California and New Mexico Territories to U.S. –U.S. pays Mexico $15 million for the Mexican Cession

23. The Mormon church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

24. The Mormon church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Mormons go West to escape religious persecution

25. The Mormon church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Mormons go West to escape religious persecution Brigham Young: Mormon leader who founds Salt Lake City, Utah Territory

26. Salt Lake City Brigham Young- –1847 Salt Lake City, Utah –15,000 people

27. GOLD RUSH! 1848: Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill

28. GOLD RUSH! 1848: Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill Flood of settlers: 80,000 people

29. GOLD RUSH! 1848: Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill Flood of settlers: 80,000 people They were called “Forty-niners”

30. GOLD RUSH! 1848: Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill Flood of settlers: 80,000 people They were called “Forty-niners” Law and Order Issues

31. GOLD RUSH! 1848: Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill Flood of settlers: 80,000 people They were called “Forty-niners” Law and Order Issues California government: –1849 drafted a constitution –1850 admitted as a state

32. Travelling to California- There were three choices of route from the western states to California. Two by sea and one overland.

33. By boat via South America Six months of sea- sickness, rotten food, rancid water and boredom. Travelling to California- There were three choices of route from the western states to California. Two by sea and one overland.

34. By boat via South America Six months of sea- sickness, rotten food, rancid water and boredom. By boat via Panama The quickest option but travelers risked malaria and cholera. Travelling to California- There were three choices of route from the western states to California. Two by sea and one overland.

35. By boat via South America Six months of sea- sickness, rotten food, rancid water and boredom. By boat via Panama The quickest option but travelers risked malaria and cholera. Overland The California Trail A 2000 mile walk in sweltering heat with little food or water. Travelling to California- There were three choices of route from the western states to California. Two by sea and one overland.

36. The Real Gold Rush Get Rich Quick Sam Brannan was a San Francisco merchant who spread news of the discovery throughout San Francisco. He got rich quick, but not through mining. As he spread the word about the discovery of gold he bought every pickaxe, shovel and pan in the region. A metal pan that he bought for 20 cents was sold for 15 dollars. In nine weeks Brannan made $36,000. The Road to Poverty Many overland travelers were not prepared for the harshness of the journey. Supplies ran out very quickly and replacements were expensive. Sugar rose to $1.50 per pint, coffee $1.00 per pint, alcohol $4.00. Many were forced to pay $1, $5 or even $100 for a glass of water. Those without money died.

37. The Real Gold Rush The Road to Sickness and Death The overland routes west became crowded with wagons. Dust was kicked up by those in front, making it difficult for those behind to see and breathe. Wagons camped together overnight for safety. They dug toilet pits, often close to rivers resulting in polluted water supplies, diarrhea, illness and death. The Reality of the Dream 1849 saw huge numbers of people flooding into California all with dreams of discovering gold and becoming rich. They were known as the forty-niners. But by the middle of 1849 the easy gold had gone. A typical miner spent 10 hours a day in freezing water sifting through the mud with no end result but frustration and depression. Men drowned their sorrows in the saloons and bars. Crime was on the increase and the jails were overcrowded. Some gave up and went back to the East. Others stayed on hoping that tomorrow would be the day. For most of them tomorrow never came?

38. Native Americans Non-Native Americans Chinese 1769- 300,000 1821- 200,0001821- 3,500 1848- 150,0001848- 14,0001848- 100 1849- 100,0001849- 100 1852- 225,0001852- 25,000 1860- 30,000 Population Distribution in California 1769-1860 What happened to cause the change in population in each group?

40. Transcontinental Railroad 1,776 miles railroad line built across the western half of the United States of America between 1863 and May, 1869 2 Railroad Companies- Central Pacific Union Pacific

42. Who built it? The main workers on the Union Pacific were many Union Army and Confederate Army veterans and the Irish. East to West. The Central Pacific, facing a labor shortage, relied on some black employees escaping the slavery and turmoil of the American Civil War and many emigrant Chinese. West to East. –Most of these Chinese emigrants were escaping the poverty and terrors of the Taiping Revolution in China.

43. Difficulties

44. Gadsen Purchase 1853 from Mexico 10 million dollars Southern Pacific Railroad-

45. Conclusion What do you think life was like for a Western pioneer? Write a postcard home to a family member about an average day. Draw a picture that represents your experiences on the back. Who are you? –Chinese –Mormon –Runaway Slave –White American –Irish Include: How you are feeling What you accomplish that day Who you meet along the way

46. What I want to cover: Republic of Texas –Settlement –Conflict –Alamo –Independence –Annexation Manifest Destiny-California (negatives) –Polk Election Mexican War –Reasons –Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo –Mixing of Cultures Mormons Utah California Gold Rush –Forty-niners –Sutter’s Mill

47. Mix of Cultures What is American? What is Mexican?

48. Mormons Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints- 1830 Church moves west Controversial: common land, polygamy Joseph Smith- Nauvoo-1844 http://www.history.com/shows/how-the- states-got-their-shapes/videos/a-mormon- state#a-mormon-statehttp://www.history.com/shows/how-the- states-got-their-shapes/videos/a-mormon- state#a-mormon-state