1. NEW SETTLERS California and Utah

2. GOLD RUSH 80,000 people come to California in search of Gold in 1849. (49ers) Americans make up 80 % of 49ers. The remainder are from Mexico, South America, Europe, Australia and a few Chinese immigrants. San Francisco booms from a small town of only a few hundred people to more than 20,000 in one year (1848-1849). In 1849 there were 20,000 people living in California and in 1852 that number sky rocketed to 220,000 people. The California Gold Rush doubled the worlds supply of gold.

3. Gold Rush Less Than Glamorous Land Law of 1851 = Californios must prove ownership or legal claim to their land or else they will lose it due to the influx of immigrants to the region. Merchants made huge profits while the miners were lucky to make enough to live off of. (Ex. Miners might make $5 - $6 dollars a day and a dozen eggs is $10). Vigilante = Concerned citizens that act as the police, judge, jury and executioner all in one. Statehood Struggles. 1850 California applies for statehood but Congress won’t allow until a slavery compromise could be worked out.

4. UTAH Religious Refuge Mormons = members of the church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Joseph Smith founded the church in 1830 in New York. Common Mormon Beliefs = Common Property and Polygamy Mormons were not welcome in the North. Mormons travel from New York to Ohio to Missouri and then Illinois. When Joseph Smith is murdered in Illinois, Brigham Young assumes the role of leader among the Mormons. He leads to Salt Lake Utah. He considered Utah to be a Haven in the Desert. The mass migration of 12,000 Mormons from Illinois to Utah in 1846 is the greatest single migration in U.S. history. When they reach Utah, the Mormons create a self sustaining community. They build extensive irrigation networks and create industry.