2. I NTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTIC : T HE MANNER OF ALVEOLAR ARTICULATION FATIMAH ALI 1212286

3. The manner of alveolar articulation air might escape in more exceptional ways, around the sides of the tongue (laterals), Affricative & whisper stops/plosives(comple te closure) Fricatives(an almost complete closure) Approximants(a smaller degree of closure) air might escape in more exceptional ways, through the nasal cavity (nasals).

4. ORGAN OF SPEECH The alveolar ridge, the gum line just behind the teeth ( alveolar )alveolar ridge alveolar

5. IPA TABLE

6. Mode of Production / Manner of Articulation VicelessVoiced Place of Articulation Keywords Plosives or stopspbbilabialpinbin tdalveolartindin kgvelarcapgap Fricatives-wbilabial-west fvlabio-dentalfanvan qðintra-dentalthinthen szalveolarsuezoo -lalveolarleaf -ralveolarred ʃ / š Ӡ / ž alveo palatalshoemeasure -J / ypalatalyes h-glottalhat Affricates t ʃ / ǰ d ʒ / č alveo palatalchewjew Nasalsmbilabialman nalveolarname ŋvelarsong TABLE OF CONSONANT

7. Nasals use the nasal tract /m/: constriction at the lips m other, la mb /n/: constriction at the back of the teeth n ote, i n trusion, kn owledge, pn eumatic introduce low formant and low- energy region in the spectrogram

8. Fricatives turbulent air flow /f/: constriction at the lips f ool, atmos ph ere, enou gh /s/: constriction near the middle of the vocal tract s unday, c itizen, ea s t, sc issors, ps ychology

9. Affricates and Whisper combining a stop and a fricative("affricated plosives"). /ˇc/: / d ʒ /, unvoiced ch ance, a ch ieve, ca tch, mu t ual /j/: / t ʃ /, voiced j ungle, j u dg e, lo g ic, proce d ure /h/: exciting the vocal tract by a steady air flow (no constriction, but turbulence at the glottis) h ead, up h ill

10. Plosives/Stops complete block of air flow followed by sudden release /b/, /p/: constriction at the lips b oard, ta b, a b andon p arking, gallo p, o p en /d/, /t/: constriction near the teeth a dd, a d, d iligent t runk, reques t, recei pt

11. /g/, /k/: constriction near the velum g race, a g ree au x iliary (x = g+z); k oda k, c ord, a cc omplish, s ch ool, a ch e, c on q ueror, e x change (x = k+s) highly influenced by the following vowel (context- dependent )

12. Laterals /l/: the air escapes around the sides of the tongue. l aughter, i ll egal

13. Glides/Approximants /r/: the tongue only approaches the roof of the mouth r andom, o r ange; (amer.) o r de r

14. HungarianFinnishEstonianmeaning téltalvitalv winter tudtunteatundma to know Hungarian initial /t/ corresponds to Finnish and Estonian /t/:

17. Introduction to phonetics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JF6QVxJoiKo vowels http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdlu4p9AZY4 Short vowels sound http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXIcrPgpJ4E