1. Videos  http://www.yourgenome.org/video/role-of-cancer-genes http://www.yourgenome.org/video/role-of-cancer-genes  http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-do-cancer-cells-behave- differently-from-healthy-ones-george-zaidan http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-do-cancer-cells-behave- differently-from-healthy-ones-george-zaidan  http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.oncogene/how-cancer-cells-grow-and-divide/ http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.oncogene/how-cancer-cells-grow-and-divide/  http://www.livescience.com/24425-watching-cancer-spread- in-real-time-video.html http://www.livescience.com/24425-watching-cancer-spread- in-real-time-video.html  http://www.yourgenome.org/video/role-of-cancer-genes http://www.yourgenome.org/video/role-of-cancer-genes  http://www.dnatube.com/video/7027/Tumor-suppressor- and-oncogenes-video http://www.dnatube.com/video/7027/Tumor-suppressor- and-oncogenes-video

2. Regulation of the Cell Cycle  The Cell Cycle is HIGHLY regulated to ensure that everything goes smoothly.  To move from one phase to the next, the cell passes through several checkpoints.  At each checkpoint, specialized proteins check that the cell is ready to move to the next phase.  This process usually works without errors.

3. The Cell Cycle Checkpoints

4. The “Police” of the Cell Each checkpoint has 1. Stimulating Proteins: encoded by proto-oncogenes  CDK-cyclin complexes  If the cell “passes” the check, the proteins move the cell into the next stage 2. Inhibitory Proteins: encoded by tumor suppressor genes  If the cell doesn’t pass the requirements, these protein STOP the cell cycle. One of two things can happen:  The damage or errors can be fixed  If the damage is so bad that it can’t be corrected, these proteins will trigger cell death (apoptosis).

5. Genes Involved in Cancer  If proto-oncogenes are mutated, they become oncogenes (cancer genes)  The genes will be permanently on  The cell will divide excessively  If tumor suppressor genes are mutated  Cell doesn’t have the ability to be “turned off” if there’s DNA damage  Allows uncontrolled cell division

8. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells  When essential regulatory genes are mutated, they don’t respond to cell signal during checkpoints.  Usually the immune system destroys cancer cells, but sometimes cancer cells can evade destruction and form a tumor: a mass of abnormal cells

10. Stages of Cancer

11. Types of Cancer Investigation Rubric Definition- What types of cells, organ, and organ system does it affect? (Be as specific as possible—what part of the organ is affected?) Causes/Risk Factors- How does the gene(s) become mutated? Is it inherited? Include environment factors/carcinogens and how a person might be exposed to those factors (workplace, lifestyle, etc.) How MUCH of the carcinogen is needed to damage DNA enough to create a cancerous cell? Genetics- What is the name of the mutated gene (there can be several, pick one or two)? Is the gene an oncogene or tumor- suppressor gene? What protein does the gene code for and what type of protein is it (stimulatory or inhibitory). How does the mutated gene affect the function of the protein? How does this cause cancer?

12. Signs & Symptoms- describe characteristics of the disease. How is it diagnosed? Are there different stages of the disease? What happens in each? Occurrence- How common is the cancer? (use U.S. statistics and gender (male vs. female. Labeled graphs/charts will be useful here!) Prognosis—What is the survival rate? (use U.S. statistics). Are there different stages of the cancer… what happens in each stage? Is the survival rate different for each stage? Treatments- What are the possible treatments? Explain what they are/do. Other Information: Include other information or interesting facts.

13. PowerPoint must be shared with teacher in google.drive Slides shouldn’t be too wordy… must be easy to read in bullet form. Should be written in SIMPLE terms. (If you don’t know what a word means, look it up) All pictures and graphs/charts should have a description/label EXPLAIN ALL PICTURES WHILE PRESENTING! Information must be accurate and from credible sources All group members equal contribution to research and presentation Works Cited Page (doesn’t have to be in MLA) but must cite ALL SOURCES (including images) Presentation Requirements

14. Types of Cancer  Pancreatic Cancer  Skin Cancer—Melanoma  Cervical Cancer  Thyroid Cancer  Prostate Cancer  Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma  Malignant Mesothelioma  Leukemia—Acute Myeloid (AML)  Colon Cancer  Breast Cancer  Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma)  Retinoblastoma  Adrenal Cancer  Kidney Cancer

15. Websites  http://www.cancer.org/cancer/showallcancertypes/index http://www.cancer.org/cancer/showallcancertypes/index  http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/genetics http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/genetics  http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics  http://cancergenome.nih.gov/ http://cancergenome.nih.gov/  http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cancergenome/projects/census/ http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cancergenome/projects/census/  http://cancer.stanford.edu/information/geneticsAndCancer/genesCause.html http://cancer.stanford.edu/information/geneticsAndCancer/genesCause.html  http://www.mdanderson.org/patient-and-cancer-information/cancer-information/cancer- topics/index.html http://www.mdanderson.org/patient-and-cancer-information/cancer-information/cancer- topics/index.html  http://www.cancer.gov/statistics http://www.cancer.gov/statistics  http://www.cancerquest.org/tumor-suppressors-table.html http://www.cancerquest.org/tumor-suppressors-table.html  http://www.cancerquest.org/oncogene-table.html http://www.cancerquest.org/oncogene-table.html

16. 1B Advanced Bio  Mackenzie, Kaitlyn, Avery (Non-Hogdkins Lymphoma)  Madeline, Trevor, Lauren (Breast Cancer)  Sophia, JR, Holly, Sebastian (AML Leukemia)  Nikhil, Ian, Laura (Melanoma)  Kaylee, Grace, Drew, Madison (Thyroid)  Jessica, Destine, Lucas, Molly (Osteosarcoma)

17. 3B Advanced Bio  Gio, Courtney, Jenna (AML)  Shayne, Alexis, Rayne, Noah (Melanoma)  Mike Burrows, Ashlee, Chelsey (Prostate)  Mikey, Skyler, Abby (Breast)  Keegan, Chloe, Jake (Thyroid)  Kayle, Bobby, Clancy, London (Cervical)

19. Mutations can be Caused by environmental substances called carcinogens (tobacco, alcohol, UV radiation, viruses, smoke). Inherited- genes that mutated during gamete cell formation (so they mutations happened during sperm and egg formation before conception) Name of GeneFunctionExample of CancerType of Cancer Gene BCL2Involved in apoptosisLeukemia; Lymphomaoncogene BRCA1May be involved in cell cycle control Breast; Ovarian; Prostatic & Colonic Neoplasms Tumor supressor BRCA2DNA repairBreast & Pancreatic Neoplasms; Leukemia

20. 1B 2015  Chris & David (Brain)  Rachel, Harris, Mason, Brandan (Osteosarcoma)  Naomi, Elin, Mia (Kidney— Renal Cancer)  John, Carlos (prostate)  Isabel, Matt, Jacob, Caitlin (Breast)

21. 4A (2015)  Tessa, Hugh, Cory (Osteosarcoma)  Mitchell, Tristan, August (Brain)  Adam, Caylee, Anthony (Kidney)  Tyler, Ryan, Illiana (Breast)

22. 5A (2015)  Baylee, Austin, Max, Hayden (Leukemia)  Liam, Connor, Alec, Alex (Malignant Mesothelioma)  Julia, Julian, TJ, Jude (Breast cancer)  Lexi, Sierra (Osteosarcoma)  Kaitlyn N, Brighton, Jacob (Brain)  Phoenix, Nathaniel, Kaitlyn C., Josiah (Lung)