2. What is it?

6.  If something is considered sustainable, we know that is can be maintained in the future. LLiving a satisfying life that can be maintained into the future.

7. Chapter 11

8.  Favourable to UN-Favourable  This is influenced by such factors as:  Socio-economic status  World View  Experience  Identity  Culture  Country of Birth  Age  Gender  Education

9. What changes occurred in the world to set the stage for globalization? What is your perception of this question? - Create a quick timeline to describe your ideas!

10.  Imperialism  Belief in empire-building: the policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies  Domination by empire: the political, military, or economic domination of one country over another  Takeover and domination: the extension of power or authority over others in the interests of domination

11.  Scramble for Territories:  Nations were competing with each other to secure their own economic interests.  Mercantilism: Trade routes were protected, tariffs were imposed, and the balance of world powers was beginning to be upset.

12.  The “Fourteen Points” were the basis for the Treaty of Versailles, which stipulated the terms and conditions for Germany’s surrender.  The most important, amongst the 14 points, were the following:  the elimination of secret treaties among the nations.  the suppression of tariffs and customs restrictions.  the provision of political autonomy to the countries formerly under control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.  the creation of the “League of Nations” (the most important).

13.  Product of the Treaty: Animated by the firm desire to ensure the maintenance of general peace and the security of nations whose existence, independence or territories may be threatened; Recognize the solidarity of the members of the international community; Asserting that a war of aggression constitutes a violation of this solidarity and an international crime; SETTLE INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES!

14.  ARTICLE 10, the "covenant" clause :  The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members of the League. In case of any such aggression or in case of any threat or danger of such aggression the Council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fulfilled.  ARTICLE 22, the "mandates" clause:  To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed …….The best method of giving practical effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility, and who are willing to accept it…..

15.  ARTICLE 231, the "war guilt" clause:  The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.  ARTICLE 232, the "reparations" clause :  The Allied and Associated Governments recognise that the resources of Germany are not adequate, after taking into account permanent diminutions of such resources which will result from other provisions of the present Treaty, to make complete reparation for all such loss and damage. The Allied and Associated Governments, however, require, and Germany undertakes, that she will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allied and Associated Powers and to their property during the period of the belligerency of each as an Allied or Associated Power against Germany by such aggression by land, by sea and from the air, and in general all damage as defined in Annex l hereto.

16. WORLD WAR I “War to End All Wars” WORLD WAR I “War to End All Wars” ROARING TWENTIES *1920’s “Boom” times in Canada and the U.S. *economic crisis in Europe *German hyperinflation ROARING TWENTIES *1920’s “Boom” times in Canada and the U.S. *economic crisis in Europe *German hyperinflation GREAT DEPRESSION *1930’s “Dirty Thirties” *economic crisis in Europe *German hyperinflation GREAT DEPRESSION *1930’s “Dirty Thirties” *economic crisis in Europe *German hyperinflation

17.  Watch: The Tarnished Dream - 25 min. Answer the questions: What caused the Great Depression? What were the key social problems? How did nations recover?

18. RISE OF DICTATORS *Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin all rise to power in Europe *political exploitation of terrible post-WWI conditions *Treaty of Versailles RISE OF DICTATORS *Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin all rise to power in Europe *political exploitation of terrible post-WWI conditions *Treaty of Versailles WORLD WAR II *massive devastation to Europe and Russia, Japan *post war prosperity in Canada, U.S. WORLD WAR II *massive devastation to Europe and Russia, Japan *post war prosperity in Canada, U.S. UNITED NATIONS *goal of collective security *rebuilding of war torn countries *help with decolonization UNITED NATIONS *goal of collective security *rebuilding of war torn countries *help with decolonization

19. AAfter WWII the planet was in pieces. EEstimates for the total casualties of the war vary, but most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war, including about 20 million soldiers and 40 million civilians. IIn Europe, prior to the start of the war, the Allies had significant advantages in both population and economics. In 1938, the Western Allies (United Kingdom, France, Poland and British Dominions) had a 30% larger population and a 30% higher gross domestic product than the European Axis (Germany and Italy) AAt the end of the war, millions of refugees were homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and most of the European industrial infrastructure was destroyed.

20. Berlin, Germany

21.  Caen, France

22.  Coventry, England

23.  Dresden, Germany

24.  London, England

25.  Rotterdam, Holland

26.  Volgograd (Stalingrad), Russia

27.  Warsaw, Poland

30.  Representatives from 44 allied countries, including Canada met in the United States to discuss the challenge of of rebuilding their economies after the war.  In 1944 they signed the Bretton Woods agreement which created a system of rules and institutions for the global economy Included in this is the creation of: 1.The World Bank 2. International Monetary Fund 3. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (later becomes the World Trade Organization)

31.  Intention:  Help rebuild countries devastated by the war by providing billions of dollars in financial aid to Western European countries.

32.  The World Bank continues to provide loans to member countries that are in financial difficulty  In order to receive a loan countries must meet certain political and economic conditions 1. Reduce government debt and corruption 2. Promote Western style free market policies

33.  The IMF works together with the World Bank to bring stability to world trade  The IMF monitors exchange rates and provides short term financial assistance  Both the IMF and the World Bank are agencies of the United Nations