1. Overview IT Project Management

2. Topics What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management  Project Size 2

3. What is a Project? A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result What are operations? What is a program? What is a portfolio? 3

4. What is a Project? (contd.) A project ends when its objectives have been reached, or the project has been terminated Projects can be large or small and take a short or long time to complete Examples of IT Projects  A help desk or technical worker replaces ten laptops for a small department  A small software development team adds a new feature to an internal software application for the finance department  A college campus upgrades its technology infrastructure to provide wireless Internet access across the whole campus  A cross-functional task force in a company decides what Voice-over- Internet-Protocol (VoIP) system to purchase and how it will be implemented 4

5. Project Attributes A project:  Has a unique purpose  Is temporary  Is developed using progressive elaboration  Requires resources, often from various areas  Should have a primary customer or sponsor The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project  Involves uncertainty 5

6. Topics What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management  Project Size 6

7. What is Project Management? The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements The Triple Constraint Scope Cost Time 7

8. PMI Project Management Institute (PMI)  Largest project management professional association  Offers highly regarded certifications (e.g., PMP)  Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) 8

9. Triple Constraint ScopeCostSchedule 9

10. Trade-off Triangle Fast, cheap, and good Choose any two! Project manager’s job 10

11. Topics What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management  Project Size 11

12. Why Project Management? The U.S. spends $2.3 trillion on projects every year, or one-quarter of its gross domestic product (GDP), and the world as a whole spends nearly $10 trillion of its $40.7 trillion gross product on projects of all kinds In 2005, the average salary of senior project manager was $99,183 in the U.S., $94,646 in Australia, and $106,374 in the U.K. PMI Certification 12

13. Why IT Project Management? Year 2009 Year 2006 Year 2004 Year 2002 Year 2000 Year 1998 Year 1996 Year 1994 Successful32%35%29%34%28%26%27%16% Challenged44%19%53%15%23%28%40%31% Failed24%46%18%51%49%46%33%53% 75% of companies surveyed either maintained or increased IT spending in 2010 (29% of technology budgets were on new projects/initiatives alone)* IT Projects have a terrible track record 13 *Forrester Research

14. Advantages of Formal Project Management Better control of financial, physical, and human resources Improved customer relations Shorter development times Lower costs Higher quality and increased reliability Higher profit margins Improved productivity Better internal coordination Higher worker morale (less stress) 14

15. Topics What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management  Project Size 15

16. Project Management Frameworks 16

17. Project Stakeholders Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities 17

18. PMBOK Knowledge Areas Project Integration Management Project Scope Management Project Time Management Project Cost Management Project Quality Management Project Human Resource Management Project Communications Management Project Risk Management Project Procurement Management 18 http://www.pmi.org/marketplace/pages/ProductDetail.aspx?GMProduct=00100035801

19. Project Management Knowledge Areas Knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop  Four core knowledge areas lead to specific project objectives  Four facilitating knowledge areas are the means through which the project objectives are achieved  Integration management affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas  All knowledge areas are important! 19

20. Project Management Tools and Techniques Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various aspects of project management Examples include:  Project charter, scope statement, and WBS  Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path analysis, and critical chain scheduling  Cost estimates and earned value management What areas of the triple constraint does each cover? 20

21. What Helps Project Succeed? 1. Executive support 2. User involvement 3. Experienced project manager 4. Clear business objectives 5. Minimized scope 6. Standard software infrastructure 7. Firm basic requirements 8. Formal methodology 9. Reliable estimates 10. Other criteria, such as small milestones, proper planning, competent staff, and ownership 21

22. What the Winners Do? Recent research findings show that companies that excel in project delivery capability:  Use an integrated project management toolbox (use standard/advanced PM tools and lots of templates)  Grow project leaders, emphasizing business and soft skills  Develop a streamlined project delivery process  Measure project health using metrics, like customer satisfaction or return on investment 22

23. Topics What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management  Project Size 23

24. Skills for Project Managers The Project Management Body of Knowledge Application area knowledge, standards, and regulations Project environment knowledge General management knowledge and skills Soft skills or human relations skills 24

25. Ten Important Skills 1. People skills 2. Leadership 3. Listening 4. Integrity, ethical behavior, consistent 5. Strong at building trust 6. Verbal communication 7. Strong at building teams 8. Conflict resolution, conflict management 9. Critical thinking, problem solving 10. Understands, balances priorities 25

26. Topics What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management  Project Size 26

27. Project Phases (PMBOK Process Groups) Initiate Project /Project phases are defined and authorized Plan Project objectives are defined, refined, and the planning takes place Execute project work carried out Monitor & Control monitors/measures progress and identifies ways to make corrections Close Formal acceptance of a product, service or result 27

28. Project Phases & Lifecycle All projects are divided into phases All phases together are known as the Project Life Cycle Each phase is marked by completion of Deliverables 28

29. Core Project Phases 29

30. Project Phases A.K.A. 30

31. PMBOK Process Groups (Project Phases) InitiatePlanExecuteMonitor & ControlClose 31

32. Project Management Phases Example of phase activity on one project 32

33. Topics What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management  Project Size 33

34. Project Scope Management Project Scope Deliverables Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project 34

35. Project Scope Statement 35

36. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) A WBS is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project 36

37. Work Breakdown Structures 37

38. WBS from Text 38

39. Example: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 1.0 Concept 1.1 Evaluate current systems 1.2 Define Requirements 1.2.1 Define user requirements 1.2.2 Define content requirements 1.2.3 Define system requirements 1.2.4 Define server owner requirements 1.3 Define specific functionality 1.4 Define risks and risk management approach 1.5 Develop project plan 1.6 Brief Web development team 2.0 Web Site Design 3.0 Web Site Development 4.0 Roll Out 5.0 Support 39

40. Identifying Project Size Two Approaches  Planning Phase Approach Amount of time spent in planning Simple project will require little planning  Function Point Approach 40 Planning Analysis Design Implementation Industry Standard For Business15% 20% 35% 30% Applications TimeActual: Estimated: Required 4 5.33 9.33 8 in Person Months

41. Function Point Approach 41

42. Step 1: Estimate System Size 42 Step 1.1: Function Point Calculation

43. Step 1.2: Processing Complexity (PC) Calculation 43

44. Function Point Estimation 44 Processing Complexity (PC):__7______ (From Step 1.2) Adjusted Processing Complexity (APC) =0.65 + (0.001 x __7_ ) = 0.72 Total Adjusted Function Points:_0.72 x _338_ = 243 (TAFP) (TUFP -- From Step 1.1) Based on perceived system complexity; 0.65 for simple, 1.00 for normal, and 1.35 for complex systems

45. Calculating Lines of Code (LOC) 45 Language Avg. LOC per Function Point Total LOC= TAFP x Avg. LOC per Function Point 243 x 50 = 12,150 (for Visual Basic)

46. Step 2: Estimate Effort Required 46 Function of size and production rate COCOMO model  Converts a lines-of-code estimate into a person-month estimate  For moderate-size projects multiply thousands lines of code by 1.4 to get the number of people to assign to the project Effort (in person-months) = 1.4 x 12.150 = 17.01 From Step 1, Total LOC divided by 1000

47. Step 3: Estimate Time Required 47 Rule of thumb for estimation Schedule time (months) = 3.0 x person-month 1/3 =3.0 x (17.01) 1/3 =7.713 From Step 2, Effort (in person-months)

48. Project Time Management We will cover more on PERT charts (network diagrams), Gantt charts, and managing the critical path in the coming weeks Timeboxing Reporting 48

49. Recap What is a Project? Programs and Portfolios What is Project Management? Triple Constraint Why Project Management? Project Management Frameworks Skills for Project Managers Problem solving Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management  Project Size 49

50. Next Class Special Topic Presentation (Weds. 1/26) Extreme Programming SCRUM Next Topic Presentations (Mon. 1/31) PMI & PMP Certification “Why did our Project Fail” Readings Chapter 3 and PMI (www.pmi.org)www.pmi.org 50