1. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20051 Training Strategy Team Meeting 8/31/2005 –SAME Overview –Hardware Overview –Operations Overview –Training Curriculum

2. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20052 SAME Overview SAME will evaluate the smoke detectors used on the space shuttles and the International Space Station (ISS) and identify ways in which they can be improved. SAME will test how well the smoke detectors perform when exposed to the smoke particles produced by materials commonly found on spacecraft, such as Teflon®, Silicone, Kapton, Cellulose, and Dibutylphthalate (a chemical used in the flexible PVC industry to make flooring, wire and cables, pipe, and tubes). The experiment will be conducted in the controlled environment of the Microgravity Science Glovebox.

3. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20053 SAME Objectives: The overall objective of the experiment is to improve the reliability of future space craft smoke detectors by making measurements of the smoke particulate size distribution to enable rational design of smoke detectors. To achieve this, the detailed experiment objectives (in priority order) are: 1.Make measurements of three moments of the particle size distribution for the μg smoke from several materials found in spacecraft considering the effects of sample temperature, air flow, smoke residence time (near the source, and smoke aging). The primary targets are materials that produce liquid smoke particulate but solid smoke producers are also included. 2.Make measurements of the effect of μg and 1-g on the size distribution of liquid aerosol smoke (using an idealized smoke e.g. DBP) to provide data for numerical model comparison. 3.Evaluate the performance in μg of the two existing U.S. spacecraft smoke detector designs for the test conditions. 4.Evaluate other smoke detection/sensing devices (e.g. CO and CO2 species sensors and ENose) at NASA’s request for the test materials.

4. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20054 To accomplish these objectives: –A video camera will be used to record the pyrolysis. –Samples of the smoke particles will be deposited on Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) grids and returned to Earth for viewing. Samples will be taken before and after aging of the smoke occurs. –A P-Trak® will be used to measure the number of smoke particles. –A DustTrak® will be used to measure the mass of the smoke particles. –An ionization detector (First Alert smoke detector) will be used to measure the total of the particle diameters. –STS and ISS smoke detectors will be present to evaluate the performance of the devices under the test conditions.

5. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20055 SAME Hardware Overview The Experiment is divided into individual packages –Each package is sized to fit through the side port –Individual packages will be connected once inside MSG –Critical diagnostics packages have replaceable spares –Interfaces between packages and to MSG are loose tolerance with minimal tools required

6. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20056 Data Acquisition and Control Unit (DACU) Aging Chamber Commercial Diagnostics Enclosures P-Trak Enclosure Sample Diluter Fluids Control Unit (FCU) Dynamic Diagnostics Assembly Experiment Support Plate Sample Carousel STS Smoke Detector ISS Smoke Detector Power Distribution and Control Unit Thermal Precipitator Module Smoke Generation Tube Diagnostic Mounting Plate

7. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20057 Proximity Sensors Sample Carousel Turning Motor Carousel Mounting Brackets Carousel Locking Mechanism Power Distribution and Control Unit Smoke Generation Tube Thermal Precipitator Module Mount Video Camera Aging Chamber Locating Block Connection to Aging Chamber Inlet Elbow Experiment Support Plate

8. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20058 The Experiment Support Plate is the support platform for the majority of the SAME hardware. The Experiment Support Plate includes the mounting hardware for the Sample Carousel, the Thermal Precipitator, and the Aging Chamber. Permanently mounted to the equipment support plate are the Smoke Generation Tube, Dynamic Diagnostics Assembly, and the sample positioning system (sample carousel turning motor, sampling activation motor, carousel mounting brackets, and sample carousel locking mechanism). The Power Distribution and Control Unit (PDCU) is contained within the lower enclosure. The PDCU is the central disbursement point for the commands, power distribution, and data collection for SAME. It contains the power converters, main relays, and terminal data connections for the entire system and interfaces the Data Acquisition and Control Unit with the various systems and devices constituting the experiment. The Experiment Support Plate attaches to the bottom plate of the MSG WV with three captive fasteners.

9. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 20059 STS Smoke Detector ISS Smoke Detector Flapper Valve The Dynamic Diagnostics Assembly (DDA) is permanently attached to the Experiment Support Plate Assembly. The DDA provides the necessary connection between the Aging Chamber Assembly and the various diagnostic devices. The one-way flapper valve allows the diagnostic instruments to use MSG air for warm-up. The DDA is capable of being purged using the VES. The purging processes and any other exhausting of the DDA involve use of HEPA filters to protect both the VES System and the MSG Work Volume from particulate contamination.

10. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200510 Slot interfaces w/ sample turning motor Pin-Socket Sample Connection Sample Pin Contacts Shaft with spring return Inlet Tube Interface Gasket Sample Proximity Sensors The Sample Carousel holds six metallic sample tubes that interface the samples to the Smoke Generation Tube and allow the capture of the smoke in the Aging Chamber. The Sample Carousel is installed onto the mounting location on the Experiment Support Plate, and the mechanisms contained by it identify the individual sample numbers, rotate the carousel to the correct position, and engage the Sample Tube, which allows the sample to be in a position to be energized. The samples are small, cylindrical sections, which are wrapped with coils of stainless steel wire that provide both the heat energy to the sample when energized and measures its temperature (by its varying resistance). Sample Carousels are retained so that the samples can be weighed after return to Earth. For transport, all samples will have one end of the tube capped and the other end has a fine mesh screen.

11. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200511 Aging Chamber Piston Gate Valve Assembly Inlet Elbow Mixing Fan Exhaust Elbow LED & Lens Assembly The Aging Chamber is a ten inch diameter nickel plated (inside and out) aluminum cylinder with an aluminum top and bottom. A piston, internal to the chamber, moves the sample into and out from the internal volume, and the driving flow is controlled by a mass flow controller, which regulates the pressure or vacuum flow accordingly. Sampling ports are provided at the bottom of the Aging Chamber for the Thermal Precipitator and the unit contains a mixing fan to ensure that the contents are homogenous before disbursal to the Dynamic Diagnostics Assembly. The smoke ages for approximately 2 to 20 minutes depending on the science requirement. After aging the smoke is pushed from the chamber through a valve into the Dynamic Diagnostic Assembly. The Aging Chamber mounts to the Experiment Support Plate.

12. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200512 Handle for quick installation and removal X-valve solenoid bank Vacuum Connection Cover Electrical Connection Hot-wire Leads Stereolithography manifold The Thermal Precipitator uses Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) grids to capture smoke particles from before and after aging to compare them. There are no diagnostics in the Thermal Precipitator (TP), the TEM grids are returned to earth for analysis. There are a series of 12 grids per module, two grids for each test sample, one for before aging, one for after aging. The TP is replaced each time a carousel is replaced. The TP is installed by the crew on the Thermal Precipitator mount located on the SAME Experiment Support Plate.

13. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200513 Cooling Fans Multi-Port Connectors to Diagnostics MFC Pressure Transducers Solenoids Relief Valve Nitrogen from MSG Vacuum from MSG Electrical Connectors Fluids Control Unit

14. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200514 The Fluids Control Unit (FCU) is a fan cooled enclosure that contains most of the fluids control and monitoring devices including solenoids, pressure regulator, pressure transducers, and mass flow controller. It is the only unit that interfaces directly with the MSG fluids resources (Vacuum and GN2). The FCU then interfaces with the Experiment Support Plate, and the DACU, and distributes the fluids resources accordingly. The Fluids Control Unit is installed on the left side of the MSG Rear wall with 2 captive knobs located on the front of the FCU.

15. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200515 Alcohol Wick Inlet Nozzle Display The P-Trak Enclosure is a repackaged version of the P-Trak® model 8525 that is currently on the ISS for the DAFT experiment. The internal components of the P-Trak® unit are mounted in a case made of nickel coated rapid prototype material for operation in SAME. The P-Trak® counts particles smaller than the wavelength of visible light by mixing the particles with alcohol vapor which condenses on the particles. This causes them to grow into a larger droplet so that the particles can be easily counted with standard optical techniques. The P-Trak Enclosure will be attached to the top of the SAME Diagnostic Mounting Plate with Velcro.

16. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200516 Pressure Transducer Board Voltage Sensitive Orifice (VSO) VSO Controller Board Static Mixer Laminar Flow Element GN2 Inlet Smoke Inlet Electrical Connector Diluted Smoke Outlet to P-Trak The Sample Diluter uses ISS nitrogen provided by the MSG to dilute the aged smoke by a known amount and provide it to the P-Trak Enclosure. The Sample Diluter will be installed on top of the P-Trak Enclosure in the MSG.

17. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200517 The Commercial Diagnostics Enclosure houses a TSI DustTrak® and an ‘off the shelf’ First Alert ionization smoke detector. The DustTrak® is a portable laser-photometer that measures and records airborne dust concentrations. The DustTrak is currently being used in NASA Glenn Research Center’s DAFT experiment which is aboard the International Space Station. The modified First Alert® is used to determine the overall (summed surface area) of the particles. SAME will use 2 Commercial Diagnostic Units inside the MSG. They will be stacked one on top of the other on the SAME Diagnostic Mounting Plate. DustTrak Inlet Ionization Detector Inlet

18. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200518 The Data Acquisition and Control Unit (DACU) is the central control unit for SAME. The baseline software is resident there, and, although many of the other packages contain their own relay and control cards, it is the DACU that interfaces with the Ethernet and the MLC to orchestrate the performance of the experiment. It also collects and stores data for subsequent downlink through the MSG systems, and controls the MSG Video Recorder to provide a taped record of the pyrolysis event. The DACU will be installed on the MSG Top Plate in front of the FCU. Cable Feed-Thru Ethernet Switch GSE Only

19. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200519 Operations Overview –Install SAME hardware into MSG –Check out hardware via ground software –Crew change out of Sample Carousel, Thermal Precipitator, install/remove alcohol wick –Crew may use crew display to monitor SAME operations or to start test or aid in trouble shooting during off-nominal conditions Crew time during operations is minimized –Sample runs controlled from the ground –Consumables designed to be replenished every 6 th test point through the front glove ports by the crew

20. Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) August 31, 200520 Training Curriculum SAME Overview –Science Overview –Hardware Overview –SAME to MSG Interfaces –Software Overview (including Crew Displays) SAME Hands-On Training