1. CELLS http://www.csulb.edu/depts/biology/media/cell751.gif http://squishycell.uchicago.edu/ana_cell.jpg http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03bio/logs/sept18/media/untreated_cell_600.jpg http://www.graylab.ac.uk/research/groups/tumour_microcirculation/images/fig_1_Dividing_cell.jpg

2. ALL LIVING ORGANISMS SHARE THESE CHARACTERISTICS MADE OF ONE OR MORE CELLS MADE OF ONE OR MORE CELLS USE ENERGY (i.e. METABOLISM) USE ENERGY (i.e. METABOLISM) MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS GROW GROW REPRODUCE REPRODUCE

3. CELLS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

4. CELL DISCOVERY ROBERT HOOKE (1665) ROBERT HOOKE (1665) -NAMED CELLS FROM LOOKING AT ONCE LIVING ORGANISMS (CORK). ONCE LIVING ORGANISMS (CORK). ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1673) ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1673) -1 ST PERSON TO OBSERVE LIVING CELLS -MADE MICROSCOPES

5. 150 YRS LATER CAME THE CELL THEORY The concept was formally expressed in 1839 by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann & Rudolf Virchow and has remained the foundation of modern biology. Below are the 3 parts to this theory. The concept was formally expressed in 1839 by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann & Rudolf Virchow and has remained the foundation of modern biology. Below are the 3 parts to this theory. ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE CELLS. ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE CELLS. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION IN AN ORGANISM CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION IN AN ORGANISM CELLS COME ONLY FROM THE REPRODUCTION OF EXISTING CELLS. CELLS COME ONLY FROM THE REPRODUCTION OF EXISTING CELLS.

6. CELL FUNCTION  ACTIVITIES OF ALL ORGANISMS ARE DUE TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THEIR CELLS.  MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF CELLS ARE AS FOLLOWS: -metabolism-movement -secretion-absorption -growth-reproduction

7. GROWTH OF ORGANISMS GROWTH OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS IS DUE TO THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF CELLS. GROWTH OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS IS DUE TO THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF CELLS. SUBSTANCES ABSORBED FROM THE CELL’S ENVIRONMENT ARE ESSENTIAL TO CELL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION. SUBSTANCES ABSORBED FROM THE CELL’S ENVIRONMENT ARE ESSENTIAL TO CELL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION.

8. PROKARYOTIC CELLS AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

9. EUKARYOTE CELL PROKARYOTE CELL

10. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?? PROKARYOTIC CELLS: PROKARYOTIC CELLS: ARE SMALLER ARE SMALLER HAVE NO MEMBRANE AROUND ORGANELLES (SUCH AS THE NUCLEUS) HAVE NO MEMBRANE AROUND ORGANELLES (SUCH AS THE NUCLEUS) HAVE FEWER ORGANELLES HAVE FEWER ORGANELLES LACKS A NUCLEOLUS LACKS A NUCLEOLUS USUSALLY HAS ONE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME CONTAINING DNA. USUSALLY HAS ONE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME CONTAINING DNA. REPRODUCE BY THE PROCESS OF BINARY FISSION REPRODUCE BY THE PROCESS OF BINARY FISSION EXAMPLE: BACTERIA EXAMPLE: BACTERIA

11. EUKARYOTIC CELLS ARE BIGGER HAVE MEMBRANES AROUND THEIR ORGANELLES CONTAINS A NUCLEUS HAVE MORE CHROMOSOMES HAVE MORE ORGANELLES REPRODUCE BY THE PROCESS OF MITOSIS & MEIOSIS EXAMPLES: ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS; FUNGI AND PROTISTS

12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS: –HAVE CHLOROPLASTS –HAVE A CELL WALL –LARGE VACUOLE –NO CENTRIOLES ANIMAL CELLS: –NO CHLOROPLAST –NO CELL WALL –SMALL VACUOLES –HAVE CENTRIOLES

13. QUESTION #1 What type of cells do humans have?

14. AND THE ANSWER IS… EUKARYOTIC

15. QUESTION #2 IF YOU WERE LOOKING AT A CELL & OBSERVED THAT THE CELL HAD CHLOROPLAST, WHAT COULD YOU TELL ME ABOUT IT?

16. AND THE ANSWER IS… THIS CELL IS A PLANT CELL, THEREFORE IT IS ALSO A EUKARYOTIC TYPE OF CELL.

17. CELL DIVERSITY  NOT ALL CELLS LOOK ALIKE  NOT ALL CELLS HAVE THE SAME FUNCTION -THE HUMAN BODY CONTAINS 200 -THE HUMAN BODY CONTAINS 200 DIFFERENT CELLS DIFFERENT CELLS EX: EX: BLOOD CELLS, MUSCULE CELLS, BLOOD CELLS, MUSCULE CELLS, NERVE CELLS, SKIN CELLS… NERVE CELLS, SKIN CELLS…

18. VARIOUS CELLS…..CAN YOU TELL WHICH ONES THEY ARE???

19. That’s it for now.

20. ORGANELLES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS CELL MEMBRANE CELL MEMBRANE CELL WALL CELL WALL LYSOSOMES LYSOSOMES VACUOLE VACUOLE CHLOROPLASTS CHLOROPLASTS MITOCHONDRIA MITOCHONDRIA RIBOSOMES RIBOSOMES

21. ORGANELLES CONTINUED ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM GOLGI APPARATUS CYTOPLASM NUCLEUS NUCLEAR MEMBRANE NUCLEOLUS CHROMOSOMES CENTRIOLES