1. Group 2 Jess 402110439 Agnes Connie 402110635 Eilleen 402110130 Jaslene 402110051 Tina 402110324 Charlotte 402110233

2. 1. Introduction – Author 2. Historical Background 3. Plot Summary 4. Character Analysis 5. Symbolic Meaning 6. Discussion Questions

3. How do the characters keep their sanity and dignity in hardships of the riot?

4. Author

5. Born in Port-au-Price, Haiti in 1969 Her parents left for America when she was an infant and she was raised by her Aunt and Uncle in Haiti  Went to America at the age of 12 and lived in a Haiti-American neighborhood in NY Writing was her solace from her identity disorientation

9. In 1492 Haiti was discovered by Columbus. 1492~ 1600 The Spanish controlled over Hispaniola. In 1697 The Spanish gave the control of Haiti to the French. 1697~1791 Haiti was the RICHEST colony in the world.

10. Revolution (1791~1804) Inspired by French Revolution of 1789. In 1791 The first revolution happened. Jean-Jacques Dessalines defeated French troops at the Battle of Vertières on 18 November 1803, leading the first ever successful slave army revolution. 1804 Haiti became the Republic of Haiti, an independent country

11. 1804~ 1820 The leaders failed to rule the country. 1915~1934 The US invaded Haiti for 19 years 1957~1971 Francois Duvalier “Papa Doc” 1971~1986 Jean-Cluade Duvalier “Baby Doc”

12. 'Papa Doc' (1957–71) 1957 François “Papa Doc” Duvalier becomes president in a fraudulent election. In 1964, he declares himself president for life. He created a network of executioners throughout the Haitian countryside called the “ton ton makouts”. (1969 Edwidge Danticat is born in Haiti. )

13. 'Baby Doc' (1971–86) 1971 Jean- Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier took over the country after his father’s death. Unlike his father, he doesn’t have a taste to rule the country, but a taste for luxury which caused corruption and theft in the country. 1986 Jean-Claude Duvalier and his family flee into exile in France, leaving tons of mess in Haiti. 1970s~2016 Haiti is one of the poorest country in the world.

14. Most of the stories in Krik? Krak? take place between 1960 and 1990, the Duvalier era. Haitians have been negatively stereotyped in America, more than other migrants in modern time, much due to the huge differences between the two cultures. The stories focus on problems with discrimination, language and double identity.

16. 1. On a boat Lovers “please don’t marry a soldier” 3. A pregnant girl Presence of death Protestants 5. First day at sea Vomiting & burning & singing A crack at the bottom of the boat

17. 7. Becomes really dark skinned He dreams of the bottom of the sea as heaven. Papa blocks the girl from his sight. He is speechless. 9. Tell stories. He is desperate. 11. Célianne gives birth. They are running out of food.

18. 13. Célianne’s baby girl is born. Swiss. She does not cry. Water creep in. An old toothless man try to read the letters. 15. Célianne tells him her story: she was raped by soldier in front of her mother and brother who had to have sex together just before. Her brother Lionel disappeared after that. She got on the boat. 17. Célianne’s baby is dead. 19. Célianne throw her dead baby in the sea and suicide herself. He wrote the name of the old man in the book. He is going to die.

19. 2. Irritable. Schools closed & president’s name banned -> Political troubles “your radio’s show” Father’s worries 4. “the radio six” Searched by the police They want bodies back Madan Roger and her son’s head 6. Papa finds the tapes of the boy He gets angry and slaps her

20. 8. Soldier new torture is to force sex between parents and children. They wait for gasoline and then they’ll escape to the countryside. Papa believes that the boy is not good enough for his daughter; on the contrary, Manman’s priority is love. 10. Soldiers beat (and kill ?) Madan Roger. Manman wants to help, Papa don’t because he’s afraid. 12. Rumors spread. Manman and Papa still don’t talk to each other. On the way to Ville Rose.

21. 14. She told her father that she loves the boy. Papa reject it. Manman, on the contrary, respect her choice. Papa is hurt. 16. Manman tells her that Papa gave everything to save her. She heard at the radio that he boy had passed the university exam. 18. She got used to Ville Rose. 20. She thanks her father. She sees a lot of black butterflies and heard at the radio that another boat has sunk on the Bahamas coast.

22. Port-au-Prince. They both take part in the Youth Federation. The boy is one of the leader of the radio. The girl stays with her parents in Port-au-Prince. They will escape to the countryside, in Ville Rose. He flees just after the violences and get in a boat people. He will probably die on the boat. Probably a push. The President is out of the country.

25. Deeply in love with the male narrator (e.g.) “I destroyed some music tapes, but I still have your voice.” (4)

26. Holding hope - she held a hope that her love (male narrator) was still alive and they can meet each other again someday (e.g.) “…and when we see each other again, it will seem like we lost no time.” (8)

27. Powerless -she could not do anything to all the injustice things she saw (e.g.) “we have our whole lives ahead of us. you used to say that, remember? but then again things were so very different then.” (5)

28. Hatred against the world (e.g.) “if only I could kill. if I knew some good wanga magic, I would wipe them off the face of the earth” (7)

30. Powerless in a way (e.g.) “you can let them kill somebody because your are afraid…” (17)

31. Responsible and loving “…, he gave it all away to save my life.” (24)

32. Passive and obedient (e.g.) “they are the law. it is their right. we are just being good citizens.” (17)

34. Kind-hearted - she wanted to save Madam Roger’s live (e.g.) “…, you can’t just let them kill her. go and give them some money like you gave them for your daughter.” (16) “you cannot let them kill somebody just because you are afraid.” (17)

36. Severe uncertainty towards the sails direction and his future. (e.g.) “I don’t know how long we’ll be at sea.” (3) “…I can’t tell exactly how far we are from there… I cannot even tell if we are about to drop off the face of the earth.” (6) “I feel like we’re sailing for Africa. Maybe we’ll go to Guinin…” (14)

37. Facing his doom (e.g.) “I am more comfortable now with the idea of dying. Not that I have completely accepted it, but I know that it might happen.” (6) “Writing his will.”

38. Love for the female narrator (e.g.) “Recalling their first night.” (3) “Dream about dying and going to heaven under the sea.” (12) “Maybe the sea is endless. Like my love for you.” (15) “I know you will probably never see this, but it was nice imagining that I had you here to talk to.” (27) “I know my memory of will live even there as I too become a child of the sea.” (28) “He would have to cut out my heart to keep me from loving you.” (21)

39. Display of emotions (e.g.) “I think it would break my heart watching some little boy or girl every single day on this sea, looking into their empty faces…” (5) “At times, I just want to stop in the middle of the song and cry myself.” (9)

41. Girl with a traumatic story (e.g.) Raped by the soldiers who broke into her house and cut her face with a razor.

42. Indifferent and out of place (e.g.) “I don’t know how she takes it. She stares into space all the time and rubs her stomach.” (10) “They both look very peaceful in all this chaos.”

44. Curious (e.g.) “…… leaning over to see what I am writing.” (21) “Kompe, what are you writing?” (25)

45. 402110051 Jaslene Chen 402110324 Tina Chang

46. “Now I know it’s true. …I cannot even see the sea. Behind these mountains are more mountains and black butterflies still and a sea that is endless like my love for you” (1 and 29). →Obstacles, boundaries and separations

47. a.Heaven b.Love and Separation c.The Cruelty of Haiti’s Current Chaos d.Eternity

48. “This heaven was nothing like I expected. It was at the bottom of the sea. There were starfishes and mermaids all around me. The mermaids were dancing and singing in Latin like the priests do at the cathedral during the Mass” (12). → The hero’s dream

49. “This heaven...You were there with me, too, at the bottom of the sea. You were with your family, off to the side...I tried to talk to you, but every time I opened my mouth, water bubbles came out. No sounds” (12). “Maybe the sea is endless. Like my love for you” (15).

50. “The sea in the spot is like the sharks that live there. It has no mercy” (26).

51. “Perhaps I was chosen from the beginning of the time to live with Agwé at the bottom of the sea. Maybe this is why I dreamed of … Maybe this was an invitation to go. In any case, I know that my memory of you will live even there as I too become a child of the sea” (28). → The hero’s last words Agwé, the spirit of the water

52. Good news Death “…,black ones that I refuse to let find my hand. I throw big rocks at them, but they are always too fast” (28). “I don’t sketch my butterflies anymore…butterflies can bring news. The bright ones bring happy news and the warn us deaths” (5). → Fear and escape → Destiny (every escape, they pay)

53. Ville Rose → Rosy City (Thoughts toward a better world) Rosy = Hopeful, Bright → ironic “manman whispers to papa, you can’t just let them kill her. go and give them some money like you gave them for your daughter. papa says, the only money i have left is to get us out of here tomorrow. tomorrow we are going to ville rose, he says, you will not spoil that for the family” (16-17). “People are just too hopeful, and sometimes hope is the biggest weapon of all to use against us” (18-19).

54. “Manman told me the whole story today under the banyan tree. … Today I said thank you, papa, because you saved my life” (24-28) “…the banyan tree are holy sometimes if we call the gods from beneath them, they will hear our voice clear” (28). → Spiritual anchor (Love anchor the soul -- Hebrew) The woman’s soul is anchored by love Love for her father Love for the man

55. A Realization for the man to his will of becoming a sea child: Dead from the blood-drenched world, but gain eternity from the world in the bottom of the sea “It goes down to them, Celianne and her daughter and and all those children of the sea who might soon be claiming them” (27).

56. Notebook ⇒ His will “The old man with the pipe just asked ‘Kompe, what are you writing?’ I told him, ‘my will’” (25). Throwing notebook= His will to be under the sea and become sea child “I go to them now as though it was always meant to be,...” (25). “Perhaps I was chosen from the beginning of the time to live there with Agwe at the bottom of the sea” (26).

57. “Krik? Krak! Somewhere by the seacoast I feel a breath of warm sea air and hear the laughter of children. An old granny smokes her pipe, surrounded by the village children… “We tell the story so the young ones will know what comes before them. They ask Krik? we say Krak! Our stories are kept in our hearts.” Krik? Krak is a storytelling game A.Readers and the storytellers Readers are the one who ask for stories (we are the young ones) Storytellers are the ones who invite us into the story B. Between the man and the woman Both of them are telling stories to each other Irony: they could listen to the story “And they say, I have many stories I could tell you, and they go and tell these stories to you,but mostly to themselves” (14).

58. 1.How do the boat people react in face of danger from the beginning of their journey at sea until the end? 1.Describe the relationship between the female narrator and her father and its changes throughout the story? 1.Regarding the issue of raping, discuss the similarities and differences between that of “Children of the Sea ” and War Witch?