1. REDD+ negotiations and key milestones from Cancun to Durban Geneva, 9 May 2011 Clea Paz-Rivera, UN-REDD Secretariat

2. Brief history of Climate Policy, UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol From RED to REDD to REDD+ REDD+ under the Cancun agreements From Cancun to Durban Conclusions Contents

3. 1990 1995 2000 20052010 1992: UNFCCC established 1988: IPCC established 2008: KP 1 st commitment period begins 2012: KP 1 st commitment period ends 1997: Kyoto Protocol adopted 2005:COP11 Kyoto entered into force; REDD introduced 2001: Marrakesh Accords signed 1994: UNFCCC enter into force 2007: COP13 Bali Roadmap Climate Policy Timeline 2012 2007 2010: COP 16 Cancun Agreements

4. “Stabilize GHG concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (human-induced) interference with the climate system” “Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner” UNFCCC objective

5. Treaty under the Convention. Sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the EU (Annex 1 parties) for reducing GHG emissions Emission reduction targets to be met through national measures & flexible mechanisms (ET, JI, CDM) Some concerns: –Not all parties ratified –Targets were not ambitious enough –CDM had limitations (methodologies, scope, forest sector) Kyoto Protocol and its mechanisms

6. Global GHG sources by sector Source, IPCC 2007

7. Global deforestation: 13 million ha/yr for 2000-2010 (FAO 2010) Emissions from deforestation since 1990s at 5.8 GtCO2/yr (IPCCC, WGI, AR4) REDD: forest mitigation option with largest and most immediate C stock impact (IPCC WGIII, AR4) 20% of the problem must become 20% of the solution Area of convergence between industrialized countries and developing countries: win-win Entry point to move into low carbon development strategies REDD+ could provide multiple benefits beyond carbon, addressing poverty and biodiversity conservation Why REDD+

8. REDD+ evolution under the UNFCCC UNFCCC Opening Agenda Item 5 2 Decisions: BAP & 2/CP. 13 (policy)/ Opening of AWGs LCA & KP Decision 4/CP.15 (methods) Decision 1/CP.16 (policy) SBSTA/Montreal 2005 COP 13/ Bali 2007 COP 15/ Copenhagen 2009 COP 16/ Cancun 2010 RED REDD REDD+ REDD+

9. Scope (a) Reducing emissions from deforestation; (b) Reducing emissions from forest degradation; (c) Conservation of forest carbon stocks; (d) Sustainable management of forest; (e) Enhancement of forest carbon stocks; Scale National with sub-national as an interim measure Phased approach –Developing strategies /action plans, policies and measures & capacity building –Implementation of strategies, policies and measures –Result-based actions fully measured, reported and verified REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16

10. REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 Elements Elements –A national strategy or action plan –A national forest reference level or subnational reference levels as an interim measure –A robust and transparent monitoring system, subnational as an interim measure –A system for providing information on how safeguards are being addressed

11. Consistency with national forest programs, international conventions and agreements Transparent governance structures Respect for knowledge and rights of Indigenous Peoples and members of local communities Full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders Conservation of natural forests and biological diversity Address displacement of emissions Address permanence REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 Safeguards

12. By COP 17 LCA is requested to: Explore financing options for the full implementation of REDD+ results-based actions By COP 17, SBSTA is requested to: Develop modalities relating to reference levels and forest monitoring systems Develop guidance relating to safeguards Develop modalities for MRV anthropogenic forest-related emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks and forest area changes resulting from the implementation of REDD + activities REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 from Cancun to Durban

13. By COP 18 SBSTA is requested to: Identify drivers of deforestation and forest degradation Estimate emissions and removals resulting from these activities Assess their potential contribution to the mitigation of climate change REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 cont.- SBSTA work programme

14. Conclusions REDD+ progressed quickly in the negotiations Big items still unclear: future of KP, legal form of the new agreement Cancun agreements set the basis to implement and expand REDD+ readiness efforts REDD+ and NAMAS?, financial mechanism? Ambitious SBSTA and LCA agenda can be affected by delays in the political discussion High expectations in REDD+ countries that need to be managed and addressed

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