1. The Age of Modernism

2. Difference between Realism and Modernism REALISM o Emphasized absolutism o Believed that a single reality could be determined through the observation of nature MODERNISM o Argued for cultural relativism o Believed that people make their own meaning in the world

3. Value Differences in the Modern World Pre-Modern WorldModern World (Early 20 th Century) OrderedChaotic MeaningfulFutile OptimisticPessimistic StableFluctuating FaithLoss of faith Morality/ValuesCollapse of Morality/Values Clear Sense of IdentityConfused Sense of Identity and Place in the World

4. Definition 1890 – 1945 Robert Wohl – “Modernism is a response by clusters of intellectuals and artists to the converging processes of industrialization” In Other Words… o Modernism is the reaction of artists and writers to the new society formed because of industrialization.

5. Social Snapshot of the Times Result of Political Turmoil o Revolutionary Ideologies Rise Fascism o The separation and persecution or denial of equality to a certain group based on race, creed, or origin Nazism o Socialism featuring racism, expansionism and obedience to a strong leader Communism o Control of the means of production should rest in the hands of the laborers.

6. Social Snapshot of the Times Scientific Revolution o Quantum theory Explains the nature of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level o Principle of Uncertainty In quantum mechanics: increasing the accuracy of measurement of one observable quantity increases the uncertainty with which another may be known

7. Snapshot of the Times: Implications for Nature of Reality Many-worlds (multi-verse) theory o As soon as the potential exists for any object to be in any state, the universe of the object transmutes into a series of parallel universes equaling the number of possible states in which an object can exist. Stephen Hawking posits the possibility for interaction between universes. Copenhagen interpretation: nothing exists until it is measured: o Schrödinger's cat (dead and alive)

8. Forces Behind Modernism The sense that our culture has no center, no values Paradigm shift o 19 th Century: closed, finite, measurable, cause-and- effect universe of the 19th century o 20 th Century: open, relativistic, changing, strange universe

9. Historical Context

10. Key Ideas The World is a hot mess o European & American Imperialism o Revolutions o Secret treaties World War I Great Depression World War II Changes in philosophy & the arts due to the above

11. Literary Modernism: 1915-1945 Aspects -High degree of experimentation -Characters most often alienated people searching unsuccessfully for meaning and love in their lives -Themes pulled from real life

12. Themes of Modern Literature Collectivism vs. individualism Disillusionment Violence and alienation Decadence and decay Loss and despair Breakdown of social norms and cultural sureties Race and gender relations The American Dream

13. Characteristics of Modernism in Literature Literature Exhibits Perspectivism o Meaning comes from the individual’s perspective and is thus personalized o Single story might be told from the perspective of several different people, with the assumption that the “truth” is somewhere in the middle

14. Characteristics of Modernism in Literature Inner psychological reality or “interiority” is represented o Stream of consciousness—portraying the character’s inner monologue

15. Characteristic of Modernism in Literature Perception of language changes: o No longer seen as transparent, allowing us to “see through” to reality o Now considered the way an individual constructs reality o Language is “thick” with multiple meanings and varied connotative forces

16. Characteristic of Modernism in Literature Emphasis on the Experimental o Art is artifact rather than reality o Organized non-sequentially Experience portrayed as layered, allusive, discontinuous, using fragmentation and juxtaposition o Ambiguous endings—open endings which are seen as more representative of reality

17. The Armory Show: International Exhibition of Modern Art, 1913 Watershed date in American art Introduced astonished New Yorkers, accustomed to realistic art, to modern art Teddy Roosevelt said, “That’s not art!”

18. Matisse

19. Modernism Timeline 1914: Outbreak of WWI 1917: US enters war, Russian Revolution 1919: o WWI ends o Einstein’s Relativity theory confirmed o Prohibition begins

20. Modernism Timeline 1920 o League of Nations begins; o 19 th Amendment granting women the vote 1921—Irish Free State proclaimed 1922—Fascists march on Rome under Mussolini 1923—Charleston craze

21. Modernism Timeline 1925— o Image of human face televised o Hitler published Mein Kampf 1927 o Lindbergh flies solo across Atlantic o Al Jolson, first talkie

22. Modernism Timeline 1929—US stock market crashes 1933 o Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany o First German concentration camps o Prohibition ends in US

23. Modernism Timeline 1934—Hitler becomes dictator 1936—Civil War in Spain begins 1938—Germany occupies Austria 1939 o Hitler and Stalin make pact; o Germany invades Poland o Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

24. Modernism Timeline 1941 o Germany invades USSR o Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, US enters war 1942 o Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Midway; o T-shirt invented 1944—D-Day invasion of France

25. Modernism Timeline 1945 o End of war in Europe o Atomic bomb dropped on Japan o First computer built o Microwave oven invented o United Nations founded

26. Expressionism: 20 th Century “In Expressionist Art, the artist tries to express certain feelings about some thing. The artists that painted in this style were more concerned with having their paintings express a feeling than in making the painting look exactly like what they were painting.” 1905 Started in Germany and in France

27. Abstract Art: 20 th Century Art that is missing parts or has parts rearranged so that you do not recognize the object Artists did not worry about trying to make art look like the subject appeared in real life Jackson Pollock, Lavender Mist, 1954

28. Cubist Art : 20 th Century Artist uses geometric shapes to create the object. In the beginning of Cubism, around 1914, the artists used grays, browns, yellows, and greens. However, after 1914 they began using bright colors. Pablo Picasso is the founding artist of this movement. Guernica

29. Fauvism: 20 th Century “Fauvism was an art style that lasted only four years, beginning in 1905. The leader of this movement was Henri Matisse. The word Fauvism is French for "wild beasts.” It got this name because the paintings had bright and unusual colors. The subjects in the paintings were shown in a simple way, and the colors and patterns were bright and wild.”

30. Pop Art : 20 th Century Pop art is inspired by items that are part of our everyday lives. (Movie stars, Campbell soup cans.) Artists use bright, bold colors or unusual methods to paint, draw, or sculpt these pieces. Andy Warhol’s Marilyn. Claus Oldenburg, Clothespin.

31. Surrealism “Surrealist paintings were generally based on dreams. Their paintings were filled with familiar objects which were painted to look strange or mysterious. They hoped their odd paintings would make people look at things in a different way and change the way they felt about things.“ Salvador Dali’s The Persistence of Memory.

32. ARCHITECTURE Usually referred as the “Mother of the Arts” It houses, serves as a background for, or occurs in relation to other fields of art o Painting o Sculpture o Interior Design o Landscape Architecture o City planning

33. Architecture: A style and method of design and construction of buildings and other physical structures The art of designing and constructing buildings and other types of structures Uses durable materials and follows certain building standards Materials used in Architecture are stone, concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass and plaster Produces structures suited for their purpose or function

34. Modern Architecture Antonio Gaudi: Spanish architect– no flat surface or straight lines (organic) http://www.lexised.com/architecture/gaudi/casam.html

35. Antonio Gaudi’s most famous building: “La Sagrada Familia” Modern Architecture

36. The 1 st skyscraper was made in St. Louis, MO by Louis Sullivan who coined the expression “form follows function”.

37. Modern Architecture Frank Lloyd Wright: American architect; carefully considered the environment where the building was to be constructed. “Falling Water” by Frank Lloyd Wright

38. Modern Architecture Steel and concrete are the favored materials for commercial type construction. Wood and brick are the favored materials for residential construction.