1. Christianity Islam Battle of Tours Agriculture Sunni New Testament Abbasid Empire Paul Allah Mecca Roman Empire 5 Pillars Jerusalem Monotheism Koran Muhammad Jesus Christ Constantine

2. Worship of only one god A city known for its influence in three major religions, including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism Muslims that believe one most be related to Muhammad in order to be Caliph Christian stronghold at one point, capital of the Umayyad Empire Muslim Empire that was ruled from 750- 1200s-capital at Baghdad The spreading of ideas and technology between peoples Muslims that do not believe that a Caliph must be related to Muhammad Muslim Empire that was ruled from 661- 750 Stops the spread of Islam into Europe Monotheism Umayyad Empire Damascus Abbasid Empire Sunni Battle of Tours Shi’a Jerusalem Cultural Diffusion

3. SOL WHI.8B Essential Questions! 1.How did political and cultural geography facilitate trade and cultural activity in the early Islamic lands? 2.What were some major historical turning points that marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization?

4. Islamic History Abbasid Empire Sunni-Shi’ia division Capture of Jerusalem Battle of Tours Muhammad’ s death Umayyad Empire

5. Spread of Islam 632-1200s

6. Rightly Guided Caliphs  First four successors of Muhammad  Known as caliphs or “successor”  Abu-Bakr,Umar, Uthman, Ali  All knew Muhammad  Spread Islam from edge of India to Spain and North West Africa by 750

7. Reasons for Success  Highly disciplined armies  Strong faith  Weakened Byzantine and Persian Empires always fighting each other  Some viewed them as liberators

9. Treatment of Conquered People  Unlike the Byzantines and Persians, the Muslims did not force people to convert to their religion (Islam)  Christians and Jews were respected as “people of the book”

10. Split in Islam  In 661-Ali-son-in-law of Muhammad was assassinated and Umayyads took over  Shi’a or Shi’ite-believed caliph must be directly related to Muhammad-minority

11. Continued..  Sunni-caliph did not have to be directly related to Muhammad-accepted Umayyad rule  Sufi-lived life of poverty and devotion

12. First Empires  IN 661 the Umayyads became the ruling family in Muslim territories  In 750-Abbasids kick Umayyads out and stay in power until 1258- move capital to Baghdad

13. 3 Big turning points in Islam  Split of Sunni/Shi’ia  Conquering Jerusalem and Damascus  Defeat at Battle of Tours in modern day France

14. Battle of Tours

16. Understanding #1  Between 622-750 Muslim rule spread quickly, by way of conquest and trade. The Muslim Empire was unified by its religion and language-Arabic

18. RoleAudienceFormatTopic Teacher studentslesson Create your own lesson complete with quizzes and answers on the 3 turning points of Islam. Be as creative as you can. Must include your own notes and what you would do to teach to different people. Residence of the Middle East, somewhere in Muslim territory yourselfDiary Write an entry for each turning point in Islam and how it has affected you as someone who lives within the Islamic Empire (each entry should be about a paragraph long). Muslim Historian Future generations Brief histories or summaries Tell the future about the 3 turning points of Islam by summarizing each event with a paragraph. Artistart lovers drawings/painti ngs Create 3 scenes from each major Islamic turning point (3) total of 9 drawings. Each drawing must have at least one sentence describing it but nor more than three sentences describing it.