1. SPREAD OF ISLAM

3. I. INTERNAL CONFLICT A. INTRODUCTION 1. UTHMAN – MURDERED STARTING CIVIL WAR 2. ALI – MURDERED LEADING TO SPLIT IN RELIGION 3. MUAWIYA a) GOVERNOR OF SYRIA

4. …MUAWIYA b) CREATED UMAYYAD DYNASTY c) MOVED CAPITAL TO DAMASCUS d) BEGAN DIVISION OF ISLAM

5. B. SUNNI –SHI’A SPLIT 1. SHI’A (SHIITE) – PARTY OF ALI a) CALIPH – PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SPREAD OF MUHAMMAD’S MESSAGE

6. …SPLIT …SPLIT b) SHOULD BE DESCENDED FROM MUHAMMAD 2. SUNNI – FOLLOWER’S OF MUHAMMAD’S EXAMPLE

7. …SUNNI a) ANY DEVOUT MUSLIM COULD BE CALIPH b. ACCEPTED UMAYYAD RULE

8. 3. SUFI a) TRIED TO ACHIEVE PERSONAL CONTACT WITH GOD b) HELPED KEEP MUSLIMS FOCUSED ON QUR'AN AND TRADITIONS

9. …SUFI c) ACTIVE AS MISSIONARIES d) SCHOLARSHIP (1) STUDIED TRADITIONS OF MUHAMMAD (2) ARABIC LANGUAGE (3) SHARI'A - (LAW CODE) ESTABLISHED STANDARDS OF ISLAMIC CONDUCT

10. …SPLIT 4. ABBASIDS - OVERTHREW UMAYYAD DYNASTY

11. II. CONTROL THREE CONTINENTS A. INTRODUCTION 1. SPAIN 1. SPAIN a) UMAYYAD ESTABLISHED NEW DYNASTY AFTER OVERTHROW JOINED BERBERS

12. …INTRO b) BERBERS (1) MUSLIMS OF NORTH AFRICA (2) ADVANCED MUSLIM ARMIES INTO FRANCE (3) HALTED IN 732 A.D. @ BATTLE OF TOURS BY CHARLES MARTEL

14. …BERBERS (4) MOORS – MUSLIMS OF SPAIN FROM AFRICA

15. B. ABBASID POWER 1. GEOGRAPHY – OLD PERSIA, IRAN, IRAQ, & CENTRAL ASIA 2. BAGHDAD – NEW CAPITAL IN IRAQ ON KEY TRADE ROUTES

17. …ABBASID 3. BUREAUCRACY a) CONDUCTED AFFAIRS OF EMPIRE (DAY TO DAY) b) DEPARTMENTS (1) TREASURY

18. …DEPARTMENTS ( 2) ARMY (3) DIPLOMATIC c) SUPPORTED BY TAXES

19. C. RIVAL GROUPS 1. FATIMID DYNASTY a) RESULTED FROM GROWTH OF SMALL MUSLIM STATES b) LOCATION – FROM N.E. AFRICA TO W. ARABIAN PENINSULA & SYRIA

21. LATEEN SAIL

22. D. MUSLIM TRADE NETWORK 1. SEA TRADING ZONES a) WHERE – MEDITERRANEAN & INDIAN OCEAN b) CONNECTED MUSLIM EMPIRE TO WORLD TRADE

24. 2. LAND ROUTES a) SILK ROAD b) ACROSS NORTHERN AFRICA c) SOUTH ACROSS SAHARAN TO SUB-SAHARAN KINGDOMS

26. 3. MERCHANTS & CULTURAL DIFFUSION a) ARABIC ONLY LANGUAGE b) SINGLE CURRENCY – ABBASID DINAR c) ISLAM SPREAD ACROSS TRADE ROUTES

29. 4. BANKS a) SET UP BY MONEY CHANGERS b) ISSUED LETTERS OF CREDIT (SAKK) c) COULD BE EXCHANGED AT OTHER BANKS FOR MONEY

30. III. MUSLIM SOCIETY A. MUSLIM CITIES 1. ABBASID – BAGHDAD & DAMASCUS 2. CORDOBA – UMAYYAD CAPITAL (SPAIN)

31. …URBAN CENTERS 3. CAIRO – FATIMID CAPITAL (EGYPT) 4. JERUSALEM 5. BAGHDAD’S DESIGN a) WEST BANK OF TIGRIS b) CIRCULAR, PROTECTED BY THREE WALLS

32. …BAGHDAD c) PALACE AND GRAND MOSQUE AT CENTER d) POPULATION NEAR 1 MILLION e) CONQUERED BY MONGOLS

33. B. SOCIAL CLASSES 1. UPPER CLASS – MUSLIMS AT BIRTH 2. SECOND CLASS – CONVERTS TO ISLAM (PAID HIGHER TAXES) 3. PROTECTED PEOPLES – CHRISTIANS, JEWS, ZOROASTRIANS

34. 4. LOWER CLASSES a) SLAVES b) PRISONERS OF WAR c) NON-MUSLIMS

35. C. ROLE OF WOMEN 1. MEN – MANAGERS OF WOMEN'S AFFAIRS 2. EQUAL AS BELIEVERS

36. 3. LEGAL RIGHTS a) SHARI'A GRANTED LEGAL RIGHTS (1) MARRIAGE (DIVORCE) (2) FAMILY (3) PROPERTY (INHERITANCE)

37. 4. RESPONSIBILITIES a) POOR – WORKED IN FIELDS WITH HUSBAND b) WEALTHY (1) SUPERVISED HOUSEHOLD & SERVANTS (2) HAD ACCESS TO EDUCATION

38. …RESPONSIBILITIES c) RICH OR POOR – RESPONSIBLE FOR RAISING CHILDREN

39. IV. MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP A. CULTURAL DIFFUSION 1. EUROPE a) PERIOD OF CULTURAL DECLINE (DARK AGE) b) SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AT RISK OF BEING LOST

40. 2. MUSLIM SCHOLARS a) COLLECTED & TRANSLATED SCIENTIFIC & PHILOSOPHICAL TEXT b) HOUSE OF WISDOM – LIBRARY, ACADEMY, TRANSLATION CENTER (UNIVERSITY)

41. HOUSE OF WISDOM

42. …SCHOLARS c) WORKS TRANSLATED – GREEK, INDIAN, & PERSIAN TEXTS INTO ARABIC d) PRESERVED EUROPEAN (GRECO/ROMAN) LEARNING

43. V. ARTS & SCIENCES A. MUSLIM LITERATURE 1. SUBJECTS OVER TIME a) BEDOUINS – DESERT LIFE, BRAVERY, LOVE b) QUR'AN – PRAISED THE PROPHET (MUHAMMAD), ISLAM, & LATER LEADER

44. …OVER TIME c) POPULAR LITERATURE – “THE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS”

46. B. MUSLIM ART & ARCHITECTURE 1. DRAWINGS a) IMAGES OF PEOPLE DISCOURAGED b) ARTISTS TURNED TO CALLIGRAPHY

47. 2. CALLIGRAPHY a) HANDWRITING AS AN ART FORM

49. 3. ARCHITECTURE a) MOSQUES (1) BLEND OF BYZANTINE & MUSLIM IDEAS (2) INCORPORATED DOME & VAULTED CEILING (3) MOSAICS MOST IMPORTANT ART FORM

52. …ARCHITECTURE b) ROMAN INFLUENCE (1) HEATED BATH (2) ARCHES

53. C. MEDICAL ADVANCES 1. AL-RAZI a) WROTE COMPREHENSIVE BOOK (ENCYCLOPEDIA) ON MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE b) TREATISE ON SMALL POX & MEASLES CLEAN AIR = FASTER RECOVERY

54. D. MATH & SCIENCE 1. SCIENCE a) DID NOT USE LOGICAL REASONING FOR SCIENCE b) PREFERRED EXPERIMENTS IN LABORATORIES

55. 2. MATH a) BASIS FOR ALL KNOWLEDGE b) AL-JABR – THE ART OF BRINGING TOGETHER UNKNOWNS TO MATCH KNOWN QUANTITIES

56. ...MATH c) ARABIC NUMERALS ADOPTED FROM INDIA INCLUDING CONCEPT OF ZERO

57. 3. ASTRONOMY a) LED TO ADVANCES IN MATH b) OBSERVATORIES CHARTED STARS, COMETS, AND PLANETS (IMPROVED MAPS)

58. 4. OPTICS a) SCIENCE OF LIGHT b) LIGHT PASSED TO THE EYES NOT FROM THE EYES c) IDEAS USED TO DEVELOP MICROSCOPE/TELESCOPE

59. E. PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION 1. ATTEMPTED TO HARMONIZE PLATO, ARISTOTLE, & ISLAMIC WRITINGS 2. GOAL – FINDING THE TRUTH