1. { Chapter 6: Religion Universalizing Religion: Islam

2.  Based on the teachings of Muhammad  Followers are Muslims  Follows the Koran (Quran) – holy book of Muslims  The way told to Muhammad by Allah (God)  5 Pillars of Islam  Faith (Shahada)  Prayer (Salat)  Charity (zakat)  Fasting (sawm)  Pilgrimage (hage) Basic Beliefs

3.  Belief in 1 god = monotheism  Prophets – Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus  Other  God will return to judge  Predestination  Jihad – Holy War Basic Beliefs

4.  About 1.8 billion followers  Second largest religion  Two Branches of Islam:  Sunni – majority (83%)  Shia – about 16%  Iran is 90% Shia  Differences are based on caliphs or leaders (Shia believe it should be blood heir of Muhammad)  Number of Muslims in N. America & Europe on the rise Islam Stats

5.  Same origins as Judaism & Christianity (story of Abraham)  Muslims follow Hagar (second wife) & Ishmael (son)  Christianity & Judaism follow Sarah (first wife) & Isaac (son)  570 AD – Muhammad was born  Descendent of Ishmael  Moved from Mecca to Medina Origins of Islam

6. Diffusion of Islam  Diffusion happened through conquest  Spread from Saudi Arabia outward  N. Africa  E. Europe  SW Asia  Intermarriage & trade influenced diffusion  Why is Indonesia predominantly Muslim but not the rest of Asia?  Relocation Diffusion by missionaries too

7.  Still believe that God created the Earth  According to Islam, humans are not partners with God but act in his way on Earth tilling the ground, treating others well, etc.  Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and Ramadan changes seasons based on the calendar.  How would this effect celebration/participation of Ramadan? Cosmogony & Calendar

8.  Mosque = place to worship in Islam  Social gathering of worshippers  Found often in major cities  Cities associated with Muhammad  Mecca – the holiest city (birthplace of Muhammad)  Asjid al-Haram, Great Mosque, housing al-Ka’ba  Ka’ba built by Abraham & Ishmael  Medina – second holiest city  Where Muhammad built followers & he is buried  Mosque of the Prophet – 2 nd largest Mosque Mosques of Islam

9.  Very autonomous because believers are to be active participants  Also, pilgrimages mean that diffusion of knowledge and practices happens annually  Governments (theocracies) and caliphs are religious leaders but not within a “church”  Leaders more organize than dictate Leadership of Islam