1. Bering Straight Land Bridge Bell Ringer Q. 1: How Many Years do you think humans have lived in North America? Q. 2: Support each of the following topic sentences with as many details & examples as you can: - Where people live affects how they live. - Humans use their surroundings to help them survive.

2. Bering Straight Land Bridge * 15 – 16,000 Years ago

3. Bering Straight Land Bridge What it looks like today…

4. Bering Straight Land Bridge What it looks like today…

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6. Native American Tribes

8. Native American Tribes: Aztecs - Formed in Southern Mexico with over 6 million people - Aztec were farmers. They made clothes from cotton that they grew and from the feathers of beautiful tropical birds. - They also caught fish with nets made from cactus fibers. Aztec Empire

9. Native American Tribes: Inca - Formed in present day Chile (South America) within the Andes Mts. - Practiced farming maize & other crops. Built roads, tunnels, bridges - Raised both dogs and llamas. To make clothes, they blended cotton with wool from the llamas.

10. Native American Tribes: Maya - Mayan Empire rose in what is now Mexico and Central America. Included more than 40 cities, with a total population of over 2 million people - The Maya were excellent farmers, using irrigation to water their cropsirrigation - The Maya cut limestone from huge quarries and built great stone temples, pyramids, and even ball courts

11. People of the Arctic: Inuit & Yupik - Lived along the Pacific Ocean in what is now Canada in far north & faced extreme cold and harsh conditions - They hunted ocean animals for food like seals & whales; burned their blubber for heat. Used seal furs for blankets & clothing. In summer when the snows melted, they used animal hides to make their homes - Built a variety of boats for fishing as well as for traveling along the coasts. To travel on land they used sleds pulled by dog teams

12. People of the Arctic: Inuit & Yupik - In winter, they traveled in groups of about 100 people, living in igloos, or temporary dwellings made from blocks of packed snow - Some groups hunted & lived in igloos all winter long; other groups used their regular homes as a base and only used igloos during brief hunting expeditions - They hunted seals and whales for food and used these mammals' skins and fur for clothing

13. Northwest Indians - South of Alaska, along the coast of Canada and into present-day Washington, Oregon, & California, the Tlingit, Haida, & the Kwakiutl cultures developed - Pacific Ocean on one side and dense coastal forests on the other, the Northwest Paleo-Indians took advantage of a variety of resources for food, homes, and clothing - They built their homes from wood, such as cedar, and decorated them with beautiful wood carvings representing animals and spirits

14. Northwest Indians - Many of their crafts, including totem poles, wooden masks and bowls, and woven baskets, featured animal and spirit symbols - Animal skins and tree bark supplied the materials for clothing. This clothing often established a person’s social status - Chiefs often wore robes made of otter pelts, which were considered very valuable

15. Eastern Woodland Indians - Ran from the Great Lakes area to the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the people who lived in this area were the Iroquois, the Creek, the Cherokee, & the AlgonquinIroquoisCreekCherokee - The people of the Eastern Woodlands used trees and animal products in many ways. They used the branches and bark of trees to build longhouseslonghouses - Carved canoes out of logs and hunted and trapped fish and large and small land animals. They also practiced agriculture, growing crops such as beans, squash, and corn

16. Eastern Woodland Indians - Even though the Eastern Woodland peoples took wood and bark from the trees, they did so with great respect for these trees. It was common to offer thanks before harvesting wood or other plants - In the area that is now upper New York state, a group of five nations: the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga, and the Seneca, often found themselves fighting for resources & power - Between 1450 and 1600, these five nations joined together to form the Iroquois Confederation

17. The Great Plains - Near the center of North America, the Plains people lived on vast stretches of open land. These people included the Comanche, the Cheyenne, the Lakota, and the Pawnee - They hunted elk, buffalo, and deer. Any part of the animal they didn’t eat was used for something else - They made tools from animals. The Plains people's clothes were mostly made from animal skins Plains Indians

18. The Great Plains - Since the plains had very few trees, many people also used animal hides to make homes called tepeestepees - The most important resource for the Plains people was the buffalo, which roamed the plains in huge herds. Hunting buffalo was an important ritual - The Plains people used every part of the buffalo. Buffalo hides were used for blankets, shoes, clothes, and homes. Buffalo bones became tools and utensils. Even dried buffalo droppings were burned for fuel