1. BROADCASTING TECHNICAL EVOLUTION Andrew King Director : BroadSpectrum Consultants Chair : Australian Radiocommunications Study Group 6 (Broadcasting)

2. MORE DETAIL (DEFINITION) UHDTV (1) 3840 x 2160 8.3 Mpixels Digital Cinema 2K 2048 x 1080 2.21 Mpixels Digital Cinema 4K 4096 x 2160 8.84 Mpixels SD (PAL) 720 x 576 0.414Mpixels HDTV 720P 1280 x 720 0.922 Mpixels HDTV 1080I or P 1920 x 1080 2.027 Mpixels UHDTV (2) Super Hi-Vision 7680 x 4320 33.2 Mpixels

3. MORE COLOURS (GAMUT) UHDTV can offer more realism Quantization of levels With more colours to represent, higher bit sample rates (10-bit) are critical UHD Colour Space (ITU-R Rec. BT.2020) Expanded colour space for more realistic pictures HD Colour Space (ITU-R Rec. BT.709) Pointer, 1980 Colours seen by human eye

4. MORE DYNAMIC RANGE Images : Dolby Laboratories Standard Dynamic Range High Dynamic Range HDR parameters still to be finalised in ITU-R

5. HIGH EFFICIENCY VIDEO CODING Developed by Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) between ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and ITU-T SG16/Q.6 Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) Published Standard ISO/IEC 23008-2 MPEG-H Part 2 and ITU-T H.265 Wider ranges of video characteristics, more profiles, more complexity, but offers lower transmission bitrates

6. DISTRIBUTION BITRATES MPEG-2 Video MPEG-4 / AVC HEVC Spec. First Released 199420032013 SD 3 - 5 Mbps1.8 - 3 Mbps1 - 1.8 Mbps HD 10 - 18 Mbps5 - 9 Mbps2.5 - 4.5 Mbps 4K UHDTV ( 2160p50 10bit ) Not Available 8 – 15 Mbps (typ) 15 – 25 Mbps (higher)

7. DVB-T2 UPDATE Technology Physical layer pipes – fixed, portable, mobile all in one carrier Constellations up to 256 QAM – increasing spectral efficiency Interleaving – better impulse noise immunity Initial trials Waiting for good demodulators to become available Europe planning to launch DVB-T2 HD services 2009 2016 Wide and varied rollouts around the world Fixed, portable, mobile S. E. Asia, NZ, Fiji, Tonga, PNG STB prices <$US30 DVB-T2 tuner standard in larger flat panel televisions Major CE suppliers 2016 models will all have 4K UHD, WCG & HDR. But not necessarily to the same standards as each other Receivers

8. ATSC 3.0 UHDTV is a key goal of ATSC 3.0 –4k is the current focus, with 8k possible in the future Resolution of 3840 ×2160 Frame rate of 60 Hz; 120 Hz is under consideration High dynamic range Wide colour gamut (Rec. 2020) 10 bits/pixel HDTV delivery to mobile and handheld devices such as tablets Physical Layer Similarities to DVB-T2 Same FFT sizes of 8K, 16K and 32K Time Division multiplexing option Physical Layer Pipe concept is same, Multiple PLP is a likely use case Hierarchical preambles preceding frames Low Density Parity Check for Forward Error Correction is similar, but there are new codes with different code rates Standards Final Approval expected Q2 2017, products later

9. SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY Current Australian DVB-T Broadcasts (3.3) Equivalent ATSC 3.0 Broadcasts (5.2) Equivalent DVB-T2 Broadcasts (5.0) DVB-T Shannon Limit ATSC 3.0 DVB-T2 Richer, Next Generation DTV: ATSC 3.0 ATSC 3.0 4096QAM Max 10.8bits/s/Hz DVB-T2 256QAM Max 6.4 bits/s/Hz

10. EBU LTE eMBMS STUDY Study examined the effects of self-interference in an LTE eMBMS network in different reception conditions and with different inter-site distances (ISD) EBU Technical Review Q2 2014 Brugger & Schertz

11. SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY COMPARISON

12. NETWORK TOPOLOGY COMPARISONS EBU Technical Review Q2 2014 Brugger & Schertz HTHP coverage radius 25km vs ISD of 2, 5 and 10km for LTLP network LTLP Network 568 BS reduce spectrum, but capex costs x18 LTLP Network 23 BS same costs, Bandwidth x 4, Blocked Spectrum x5

13. WHAT ABOUT IP DELIVERY? 3 hours / day of television viewing HD MPEG-4 AVC 5 Mbit/s 211 Gbytes/month of data Broadcaster has to have: additional costs for a Content Delivery Network and large scale internet access Network requires high capacity Edge Servers 10,000 line exchange needs 50 Gigabit Ethernet port systems! Viewer needs: internet plan of at least $70 / month and a connection with suitable speed Network transmission costs between 10 and 1000 times compared to RF transmission

14. SUMMARY New television technology offers more - detail, colour and dynamic range. Consumer product with the latest display technology is imminent More transmission capacity is required for broadcasting to take advantage of the available technology Existing broadcasting terrestrial transmission networks are the most economical form of delivery to large number of viewers simultaneously Other transmission methods cater to other business models