1. SPACE VECTOR MODULATION FOR TWO LEG INVERTERS
PRESENTED By
SUDHAKAR AKKI
Reg.No:
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mr. NALINKANT MOHANTY
ASST.PROF( Sr.G )

2. INTRODUCTION
Semiconductor switches mainly determine the overall price of power converters.
The main objective of this project is to prove 2leg inverters are the best option for low power applications for getting the good performance.
Two leg inverter produces the square wave or quasi-square wave. but low power applications allow the two leg inverter output.
In many industrial applications, it is often required to vary the output voltage of the inverter due to the following reasons
To cope with the dc I/p voltage.
To regulate the voltage of inverters
To satisfy the constant voltage & frequency for control requirement.

3. Pulse-Width Modulated For VSI
The most common PWM approach is sinusoidal PWM. In this method a triangular wave is compared to a sinusoidal wave of the desired frequency and the relative levels of the two waves is used to control the switching of devices in each phase leg of the inverter.
Objective of PWM
Control of inverter output voltage with out any additional components
Reduction of lower harmonics
Disadvantages of PWM
semiconductor devices must have low turn-on and turn-off times. so, they are very expansive
Reduction of available voltage
Increase of switching losses due to high PWM frequency

4. Space vector modulation
In sinusoidal PWM, the inverter can be thought of as three separate push-pull driver stages, which create each phase waveform independently.
SVM, however treats the inverter as a single unit
The space vector method is a d,q model PWM approach
Modulation index is high
SVM produces 15% higher then the sinusoidal PWM in output voltages
Simple, inherently digital calculation of the switching times.
SVPWM has been gaining more attention in the industry.

5. Block diagram of the project

6. Principle of Space Vector PWM
Treats the sinusoidal voltage as a constant amplitude vector rotating
at constant frequency
This PWM technique approximates the reference voltage Vref by a combination
of the Four switching patterns (V1 to V4)
Coordinate Transformation (abc reference frame to the stationary d-q frame)
: A three-phase voltage vector is transformed into a vector in the stationary d-q coordinate
frame which represents the spatial vector sum of the three-phase voltage
The vectors (V1 to V4) divide the plane into Four sectors (each sector: 90 degrees)
Vref is generated by two adjacent non-zero vectors and two zero vectors

7. Comparison of Sine PWM and Space Vector PWM
Space Vector PWM generates less harmonic distortion
in the output voltage or currents in comparison with sine PWM
Space Vector PWM provides more efficient use of supply voltage
in comparison with sine PWM
 Voltage Utilization: Space Vector PWM = 2/3 times of Sine PWM
Realization of Space Vector PWM
Step 1. Determine Vd, Vq, Vref, and angle ()
Step 2. Determine time duration T1, T2, T0
Step 3. Determine the switching time of each transistor (S1 to S4)

8. SPACE VECTOR PWM FOR 2-LEG INVERTER
SVM treats the inverter as a single unit.
Can be represented in a two dimensional space.
There are 4 possible states for the inverter.

9. Space vectors representation
4 active vectors occupy 4 vertices of the (Parallelogram)Rhombus
If phase voltages are sinusoidal, the locus of Vs is a circular

10. Magnitude, angle& sector representation

11. Alpha Beta Determine time duration T1, T2, T0
If the space vector lies in b/w any two active vectors, Then these 2 active vectors and zero vectors are used to synthesize the Vs
Vs* is making an angle 0<teta<90
Volt-sec balance condition gives (incremental flux)=Vs*Tc=V1T1+V2T2+VzTz

13. Determine the switching time of each transistor (S1 to S4)

14. Switching times of each sector
Can be distributed in the beginning and the end of Tc at a time, only one switch should be switched.

15. Simulation circuit of 2 leg inverter by SVM
Switching losses are increased
Amplitude of higher order harmonics are increased
The fundamental component of output voltage is less
PWM method is unable to make full use of the inverters supply voltage and asymmetrical nature of switching characteristics , produce the high harmonic distortion in the supply.

16. Sectors for 2-leg inverter
Angle
Sectors

17. Sectors for 3-leg inverter
Switching time duration

18. Switching time duration for two leg inverter

19. Connotative Modulation Functions for 2leg

20. Connotative Modulation Functions for 3 leg
Phase voltages of 3-leg inverters

21. Line Voltages

22. FFT analysis
Switching time duration for two leg inverter with un-equal vector magnitudes….

23. CONCLUSION
In this dissertation work, it is shown that two-leg inverters are the best option for high performance low power applications. It can be resolved by comparing the no of semiconductor switches usage in 2-leg and 3-leg inverters and moreover two leg inverters allow the asymmetrical voltages
To enable this, space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique for two-leg and three-leg inverters is presented.

24. BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1]. Hind Djeghloud and Hocine Benalla, “Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Applied to The Three-Level Voltage Inverter”, 5th International Conference on Technology and Automation ICTA’05, Thessaloniki, Greece, Oct 2010.
[2]. Jin-woo Jung, “Space Vector PWM Inverter”, The Ohio State University, February, 2008.
[3]. Jae Hyeong Seo; Chang Ho Choi; Dong Seok Hyun, “A New Simplified space-Vector PWM Method for Three-Level Inverters”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Volume 16, Issue 4, Jul 2010, Pages
[4]. Muhammad H.Rashid “Power Electronics Circuits, devices, and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, Third Edition, 2004.
[5]. “the adaptive space vector pwm for four switch three phase inverter fed induction motor with dc – link voltage imbalance” by Hong Hee Lee*, Phan Quoc Dzung**, Le Dinh Khoa**, Le Minh Phuong**, Huynh Tan Thanh***School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan Ulsan, Korea.
[6]. P.S.Bimbhra, “Power Electronics”, Khanna publications.
[7]. Overview of MATLAB Simulink

25. THANK YOU