1. Technical English Unit 1: Engineering Design Dr. Basil Hamed Technical English Islamic University of Gaza Feb., 2016

2. Outline Working with Drawings Discussing Dimensions and Precision Describing Design Phases and Procedures Resolving Design Problems

3. I. Working with Drawings Basil Hamed3 Language note You will find the following vocabulary useful in this section. drawing, cross-section / section, elevation, exploded view, note, plan, schematic, specification dimension, scale, to scale (drawn to a scale), scale off (measure from), full-scale, (one) to (five) Language note You will find the following vocabulary useful in this section. drawing, cross-section / section, elevation, exploded view, note, plan, schematic, specification dimension, scale, to scale (drawn to a scale), scale off (measure from), full-scale, (one) to (five)

4. I. Working with Drawings Ask students to explain what is meant by design (design = the collective word for all the information that’s given in order to produce or build something) and drawing (= a type of picture that has been drawn in order to present design information). In engineering, most designs consist of a set of several drawings. You could discuss the fact that in general English, design is also used in an artistic sense, for example fashion design and interior design. In engineering, the term has a technical meaning, for example design engineer, design calculations, design team, design phase, design fault. Basil Hamed4

5. I. Working with Drawings 1. ln pairs, discuss the different types of design information needed on a complex engineering project, such as the construction of a large cruise ship. How many different drawings do you think might be produced for such a project? How would they be organized and categorized? For the design of a large cruise ship, several hundred drawings would need to be produced. These would include general arrangement drawings such as plans of the overall layout of each deck, elevations of the sides of the ship Notes on these general arrangement drawings would then refer to more detailed drawings of assembly details The drawings would also be organized into different specialization such as structure electrical power circuits lighting circuits water supply, air conditioning lifts,fire sprinklers systems engine installations etc. Basil Hamed5

6. I. Working with Drawings Q 2a. 4.1 Joe, a technician at a shipyard, is talking to Linda, one of his engineering colleagues in the design office. He is asking about some information which he can't find on any of the drawings. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions. 1. What area of the ship are they discussing? 2. What does the technician need to know? Basil Hamed6

7. I. Working with Drawings Basil Hamed7

8. I. Working with Drawings Basil Hamed8

9. I. Working with Drawings 1. What area of the ship are they discussing? 2. What does the technician need to know? Answers 1. Part of a staircase (Staircase 3, Deck C) 2. The number of panels, and their size Basil Hamed9

10. I. Working with Drawings 2b Complete the following definitions using the types of drawing in the box. Basil Hamed10 cross-section elevation exploded view note plan schematic specification Answers 2 elevation 3 exploded view 4 cross-section 5 schematic 6 note 7 specification

11. I. Working with Drawings 2c. Which two types of drawing in Exercise 2b are examples of general arrangement drawings, and which two are examples of detail drawings? Basil Hamed11 Answers general arrangement: plan, elevation detail: exploded view, cross-section Answers general arrangement: plan, elevation detail: exploded view, cross-section

12. Basil Hamed12 Language note general arrangement drawing = shows the layout of a whole assembly or structure, but does not give details of smaller individual components detail drawing = shows one or more smaller components in detail Usually, general arrangement drawings have notes on them which give references to related detail drawings. For every general arrangement drawing, there are usually several related detail drawings.

13. I. Working with Drawings 3a. What is meant by scale on a drawing? ln pairs, explain how a scale rule, like the one shown in the picture, is used. Basil Hamed13 Answers The scale is the ratio between the size of items shown on a drawing, and their actual size (in reality). A scale rule has several scales, allowing dimensions to be measured on a drawing, to determine the actual size Answers The scale is the ratio between the size of items shown on a drawing, and their actual size (in reality). A scale rule has several scales, allowing dimensions to be measured on a drawing, to determine the actual size Do 3b, and 3c

14. I. Working with Drawings You are engineers on a project to design the metal handrail that will run around the perimeter of the top, outdoor deck of a large cruise ship. In pairs, discuss what drawings you will need to produce for manufacturing and installation with regard to the following issues the types of view that will be required and what each one will show the approximate scale of different drawings and views What written information you will need to provide in the specification. Basil Hamed14

15. II. Discussing Dimensions and Precision Basil Hamed15 Types of drawing required a: plan showing the perimeter of the handrail( possible scale 1:100); an elevation of a short length of the handrail( possible scale 1: 10 ); a section of the handrail (possible scale 1:10 ); details showing key connections, such as those between handrail posts and deck, and top rail and posts (possible scale- actual size).Specification type of steel, types of welded joint, types of bolt, type and color of paint/coating other materials such as Plastic surround to top rail

16. II. Discussing Dimensions and Precision 6a. ln pairs, discuss what is meant by precision and accuracy Basil Hamed16 Answers The words mean how exact something is, for example how closely the sizes of manufactured items match their designed size. Answers The words mean how exact something is, for example how closely the sizes of manufactured items match their designed size.

17. II. Discussing Dimensions and Precision 6b. Read the technical advice web page and answer the following questions. 1 How is a super flat floor different from an ordinary concrete floor? 2 What accuracy can be achieved with ordinary slabs, and with super flat slabs? 3 What problem is described in high bay warehouses Basil Hamed17 Answers 1 A super flat floor has a much flatter surface. It’s finished more precisely than an ordinary concrete floor. 2 Ordinary slabs can be flat to ±5mm. Super flat slabs can be flat to within 1mm. 3 Slight variations in floor level can cause forklifts to tilt, causing the forks to hit racks or drop items. Answers 1 A super flat floor has a much flatter surface. It’s finished more precisely than an ordinary concrete floor. 2 Ordinary slabs can be flat to ±5mm. Super flat slabs can be flat to within 1mm. 3 Slight variations in floor level can cause forklifts to tilt, causing the forks to hit racks or drop items.

18. II. Discussing Dimensions and Precision 6c. ln pairs, discuss what is meant by tolerance in the context of dimensions and precision. Basil Hamed18 Tolerance is the acceptable difference between ideal designed size and actual size. I n machining and assembly processes it is impossible to achieve entirely precise sizes. A degree of tolerance is always required. 6d. Complete the following expressions from the web page which are used to describe tolerances. I ---------- tolerance (inside the limits of a given tolerance) 2 -------- or ------5mm (+/-5mm) 3 --------- tolerance (close tolerance) 4 - ------- tolerance (not inside the limits of tolerance) Answers 1 within 2 plus;/minus 3 tight 4 outside Answers 1 within 2 plus;/minus 3 tight 4 outside

19. II. Discussing Dimensions and Precision 6e. Complete the following sentences using the expressions in Exercise 6d. 1 The frame's too big for the opening. The opening's the right size, so the frame must be----------- 2 The total tolerance is 1 mm. The permissible variation either side of the ideal is ------ 3 The engineer specified + / - 5mm for the slab finish, and we got it to +1/-2 mm. So it's well ------------ 4 You can't finish concrete to + / - 0. 1 mm. There's no way you can work to such a------ Basil Hamed19 Answers 1 outside tolerance 3 within tolerance 2 ± 0.5 mm 4 tight tolerance Answers 1 outside tolerance 3 within tolerance 2 ± 0.5 mm 4 tight tolerance

20. II. Discussing Dimensions and Precision Do 7a, and 7b 7c. Mei has done a revised drawing for the floor slab. Read the extract from her email about the new design and complete the message using the correct form of the words in Exercise 7b. Basil Hamed20 Answers 2 width 3 length 4 depth 5 thickness 6 height Answers 2 width 3 length 4 depth 5 thickness 6 height

21. III. Describing Design Phases and Procedures Language note You will find the following vocabulary useful in this section. design brief, preliminary drawing, working drawing, (rough) sketch amend, amendment, approve, approval, circulate, comment on, issue, resolve, revise, revision, specify, supersede Basil Hamed21

22. III. Describing Design Phases and Procedures 9. In pairs, discuss w hat is meant by a design process. In engineering, what are the stages in the development of designs? Basil Hamed22 Answers A design process is the development of a design. A typical design starts with a design brief, which states the design objectives. Initial ideas are then put together as rough sketches. These are then developed into preliminary drawings, which are more detailed and are often drawn to scale. The preliminary drawings are then developed, incorporating comments from different members of the design team, consultants and the client. Once the design has been sufficiently developed, working drawings are produced. These are then used for manufacturing/assembly/construction. Frequently, working drawings are revised (changed) during this latter phase, in order to resolve technical problems encountered during manufacturing/assembly/construction.

23. III. Describing Design Phases and Procedures The following extracts from emails relate to a project to build an indoor ski complex in Australia, using artificial snow. The messages were circulated by an engineer to members of the design team, and to a specialist contractor. Read the emails and, in pairs, answer the following questions. Note that the emails are not in the correct order. 1 What are all the emails about? 2 What different types of document are mentioned? Basil Hamed23

24. III. Describing Design Phases and Procedures Basil Hamed24

25. III. Describing Design Phases and Procedures Basil Hamed25 Answers 1 design information (at different stages of the design process) 2 sketches, design brief, revised/amended drawing, superseded drawing, preliminary drawing, working drawing, summary/notes Answers 1 design information (at different stages of the design process) 2 sketches, design brief, revised/amended drawing, superseded drawing, preliminary drawing, working drawing, summary/notes 10b. Put the emails in the correct sequence 1……… 2……… 3……… 4……… 5……… 10b. Put the emails in the correct sequence 1……… 2……… 3……… 4……… 5……… Answers 1 b 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 e Answers 1 b 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 e

26. III. Describing Design Phases and Procedures 10c. Complete the following definitions using the types of drawing in the box Basil Hamed26 Design brief preliminary drawing sketch working drawing Answers 1 sketch 2 design brief 3 working drawing 4 preliminary drawing

27. IV. Resolving Design Problems Language note You will find the following vocabulary useful in this section. advise, clarify, confirm, disregard, indicate, propose, request, state, work to alternative, as per, clash, conflict, contradict, discrepancy Language note You will find the following vocabulary useful in this section. advise, clarify, confirm, disregard, indicate, propose, request, state, work to alternative, as per, clash, conflict, contradict, discrepancy Basil Hamed27

28. IV. Resolving Design Problems 13c. Complete the following pairs of sentences using the verbs in the box. Basil Hamed28 Advise clarify clash propose request Answers 1 clash 2 request 3 propose 4 advise 5 clarify Answers 1 clash 2 request 3 propose 4 advise 5 clarify

29. IV. Resolving Design Problems 14b. Chen, a technician, is explaining the problem in Exercise 14ato Ron, an engineer. Complete the conversation using the words in the box. Basil Hamed29 alternative as per clarify clash confirm contradicts discrepancy propose Answers 2 clarify 3 contradicts 4 clash 5 propose 6 alternative 7 as per 8 confirm Answers 2 clarify 3 contradicts 4 clash 5 propose 6 alternative 7 as per 8 confirm

30. Next class will start with Unit 5 Breaking Point