1. Computer Organization & Assembly Language Chapter _ 04 Ghazanfer Mirza

2. Computer Software “A set of instructions given to the computer to solve user problems and to control different operations of the computer.” Ghazanfer Mirza

3. What is a software? - The instructions needed to direct the computer to complete specific tasks. - Software can be categorized broadly into two types :- Computer Software Ghazanfer Mirza

4. The Programs that are on the disks are software Ghazanfer Mirza

5. The Computer software is classified into three main categories: Application software System software Utility software COMPUTER SOFTWARE Ghazanfer Mirza

6. Application Software Application Software consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information. Some of the more commonly used packages are: Word processing Electronic spreadsheet Database Presentation graphics Ghazanfer Mirza

7. Word Processing Word Processing software is used to create and print documents. A key advantage of word processing software is that users easily can make changes in documents. Ghazanfer Mirza

8. Electronic Spreadsheets Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add, subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results. Ghazanfer Mirza

9. Database Software Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an organized and efficient manner, with flexible inquiry and reporting capabilities. Ghazanfer Mirza

10. Presentation graphic software Allows the user to create documents called slides to be used in making the presentations. Ghazanfer Mirza

11. APPLICATIONS MS Internet Explorer (Your internet Browser)

12. TYPES OF BROWSERS Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Konqueror Flock Firefox is gaining Popularity over IE Flock Ghazanfer Mirza

13. System Software: System Software includes the Operating System and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. System software is a term referring to any computer software which manages and controls the hardware so that application software can perform a task. Example: Operating Systems, Compiler, Disk Drivers etc. Ghazanfer Mirza

14. Definition of OS :- A set of programs that control and supervise a computer system’s hardware Purposes of OS :- To manage the hardware for efficient utilization of computer resources To interface between a user/an application program with the hardware Operating System Ghazanfer Mirza

15. OS is made up of 2 programs; Control Program Service Program Operating System Ghazanfer Mirza

16. 1.Control program- three main functions Resource allocationallocate processor time, primary storage, input and output devices Job managementto monitor, schedule and control programs for its efficient processing Data management-managing access to data for input of information to printers, disks/displays - all hardware components activities are controlled by the supervisor program Operating System Ghazanfer Mirza

17. 2. Service programs - provides services to the user/programmer - services include language-translator programs and utility programs - language-translator program converts instructions from English-like language to machine-language to be executed by the computer - utility program performs loading, saving, copying, keeping track of files stored on a disk, preparing a formatted disk Operating System Ghazanfer Mirza

18. Language Translator Utility Program Other Services Data Mgmt. Job Mgmt. Resource Allocation Supervisor Operating System Ghazanfer Mirza

19. TYPES OF OS Microsoft Windows (98, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8) Mac OS (X) Linux OS (Hundreds of even thousands of distros ex: Red Hat, Ubuntu, Mandrake etc. Visit http://distrowatch.com/ http://distrowatch.com/ for listing of Linux OS) Unix OS etc. Ghazanfer Mirza

20. OPERATING SYSTEMS MS-DOS Windows 95,98,Me Windows NT, 2000,XP,7,8 Red -hat Linux, Ubuntu, Centos, Fedora, Mint Ghazanfer Mirza

21. System Software Device Driver A program that controls a particular type of device that is attached to your computer. There are device drivers for printers, scanner, modem, displays, CD-ROM and so on. A device driver essentially converts the more general input/output instructions of the operating system to messages that the device type can understand. Ghazanfer Mirza

22. Also known as service routine, utility software helps to analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. Examples: Disk Defragmenters Systems Utilities Antivirus Scanners Disk Cleanser Utility Software Ghazanfer Mirza