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RISE and FALL of COOPERATION Jun Kobayashi (Seikei U) Yuhsuke Koyama (Tokyo I of Tech) Hideki Fujiyama (Dokkyo U) Hirokuni Oura (Teikyo U) August 15, 2005 ASA, Philadelphia
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OVERVIEW Mutual Effects of Group Cooperation Rate & Group Size? (traditional) Social Dilemma Experiment w/ Intergroup Mobility (Not traditional)
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3 Olson... Size↑→Cooperation↓ Free-rider Problem, Social Dilemma Counter Effect? Modern Societies… Exit Option Moving, Job change, Divorce Effect of Group Cooperation Rate on Group Size??? QUESTION
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ON the RUN (Erhart + Keser) Experiment, Intergroup Mobility 9 players in 3 group, 10 Sessions Cooperators RUN AWAY Cycle: Size↑→Cooperation↓→ S↓→C↑ Various Conditions???
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Introduction Data Result
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6 2003/4, 4 universities in Japan 10 Sessions, 170 Students ¥ 1289.0 ($11), 90 minutes Computer-based, Group data “LOW” “MIDDLE” “HIGH” Mobility 17 in 4 Groups, Anonymous 10 Rounds, 9 Exit chances EXPERIMENT
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8 ROUND (10 times) A B C D Exit Chance Free-rider Problem
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9 Resource ¥ 20 PROVIDE or NOT Pooled Resources... DOUBLED...3/more-player groups x 1.5... 2-player Groups SAME... 1-player Groups EQUALLY Distributed in Group 1. FREE-RIDER PROBLEM
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10 Provide = 40m/4 = 10m (Providers) Not = 40(m-1)/4 + 20 = 10m + 10 Not Provide Not x 2 = EXAMPLE (4 Players)
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11 LOW Mobility... ¥ 50 to Exit MIDDLE Mobility... ¥ 20 HIGH Mobility... ¥ 0 2. EXIT CHANCE
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A 33.33 B 25.00 C 27.50 D 25.00 A 33.33 B 25.00 C 27.50 D 25.00 A 3 B4 C8 D 2 Groups’ Average Payoffs Last Stage Groups’ Average Payoffs in This Round Groups’ Size Group C Round 2 Stage 2 Your Decisions and Payoffs in This Round StageYour DecisionYour Payoff 1NOT35.00 2PROVIDE 5.00 Your Total: 125 yens ( 20 yens subtracted for Moving) Group C's Members: You (ID 6) and Other 7 What do you do next stage? PROVIDE 20 yens NOT
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Provided 20 yens: 3 persons Not: 4 persons Your Decision: Provide Your Payoff: 17.14 yens
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A 30.00 3 B 33.33 4 C 25.00 8 D 27.50 2 Groups’ Average Payoffs and Size last Round ROUND END Groups’ Average Payoffs GroupStage 12345 A 33.33 20.00 15.55 24.76 35.00 B 25.00 35.00 19.10 35.00 C 27.50 22.00 27.50 20.00 D 25.00 35.00 25.00 18.88 Your payoff Last Round: 112 yens in Group C Which Group in Next Round? Move with 50 yens Group A B C D
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HYPOTHESES H1. Size↑→Cooperation↓ H2. Cooperation↓→ Size↓ H3. Mobility↑→Cycle Accelerated Size Cooperation Rate H1 H2 H1 H2
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REGRESSION ANALYSES Unit… Group (N=360) H1. Size↑ Cooperation↓ Round Number, Previous Cooperation H2. Previous Coop.↓ Size↓ Round Number, Previous Size
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Introduction Data Result
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18 DESCRIPTIVE STAT.
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H1. SIZE on COOPERATION
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y = COOPERATION RATE * p<.05, **.01, ***.001 Mobility Cost ¥ 50 ¥ 20 ¥0¥0 ROUND.00 SIZE-.04***-.05***-.03* Previous COOP..47***.11-.04 R2R2.32.16.11
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H2. COOPERATION on SIZE Size Previous Cooperation Rate
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y = SIZE * p<.05, **.01, ***.001 Mobility Cost ¥ 50 ¥ 20 ¥0¥0 ROUND.00-.01.07 Previous COOP. 2.12***3.11***4.83*** Previous Size.83***.65***.36** R2R2.60.37.27
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H3. MOBILITY on CYCLE
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Interaction Effects… Not Significant
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EXAMPLES of CYCLE (LOW) Group A B C D
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MIDDLE MOBILITY
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HIGH MOBILITY
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28 Large Groups DECREASE Cooperation, then SHRINK Then INCREASE Cooperation, then EXPAND MOBILITY ACCELERATES Cycle SUMMARY
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