1. Forty Years of Public Opinion on Standardized Testing (c) Richard P. Phelps (c) 2003, by Richard P. Phelps

2. The vagaries of opinion poll data for use in research Polling is episodic Polls are often implemented quickly while a topic is in the news, leaving little time to pretest and edit items Pollsters are often unfamiliar with a topic and, as a result, can pose questions based on naïve or inaccurate assumptions There are two types of sampling error and pollsters often tell you about only one of them

3. Possible indicators that a poll is of low quality Poll does not publish its response or cooperation rate Data collection lasted only a few days (better polls will use at least a week) The pollsters can often be seen as pundits on television news talk shows

4. Respondent groups in public opinion polls and research surveys

6. Pollsters pay more attention to testing when there's a national testing proposal under consideration ● George H. W. Bush's national testing plan (1990-92) ● Bill Clinton's “Voluntary National Tests” (1997-99) ● George W. Bush's “No Child Left Behind” testing requirements (2000-02) ➔ (6 polls) +52 pp avg ➔ (6 polls) +48 pp avg ➔ (14 polls) +57 pp avg.

7. What should tests measure? Should they be required? Favor or oppose requiring standardized national tests to measure... ●...the academic achievement of students+60 pp ●...knowledge in 5 core subjects+80 pp ●...problem-solving skills+74 pp ●...ability to write a clear composition +75 pp Favor or oppose making these tests optional for districts?+37 pp i.e., +23 pp prefer required over optional tests

8. How should tests be used? Do you think tests should be used to... (PDK '97) ●...identify areas in which student need help +76 pp ●...to rank the local public schools +39 pp ●...to determine if a student advances to the next grade+28 pp ●...to determine the level of funding school receives -18 pp ●...to determine how much teachers should be paid -14 pp

9. Steadfast in support of graduation exams Should students be required to pass tests to graduate? +90 pp (MOR '85) ●...if your child failed the first time? +86 pp ●...if your child did not receive a diploma?+68 pp ●...if 20% of low income students did not receive a diploma?+55 pp

10. Summary of public opinion on high- stakes requirements