1. China Comparative study of the Ming and Qing

2. China’s last native imperial dynasty! Ming

3. The Forbidden City: China’s New Capital Why did Yongle move the capital to Beijing?

4. Revived the Civil Service Exam Founder of the Ming Empire: Hong Wu Based on Confucius teachings.

5. Ming Silver Market  Spanish Silver Convoys  Triangle route:  Philippines to China to Japan.  Silver floods Chinese Market:  Causes devaluation of currency & recession  Adds to reasons for Chinese immigration overseas.  Reduces price of Chinese goods in Europe  Increases interest in Chinese culture & ideas in Europe.  Helps fund conquest of New World   Encourages Europeans in conquest & trade.

6. Ming Dynasty, 1368- 1644 C.E.  Golden Age of Chinese Art  Moderation  Softness  Gracefulness  Three different schools of painting developed.  Hundreds of thousands of workers constructed the Forbidden City.

7. Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)  Ming “Treasure Fleet”  Each ship 400’ long & 160’ wide 1371-1435

8. Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)  China’s “Columbus?” 

9. Admiral Zheng He’s Voyages  First Voyage: 1405-1407 [62 ships; 27,800 men].  Second Voyage: 1407-1409 [Ho didn’t go on this trip].  Third Voyage: 1409-1411 [48 ships; 30,000 men].  Fourth Voyage: 1413-1415 [63 ships; 28,500 men].  Fifth Voyage: 1417-1419  Sixth Voyage: 1421-1422  Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work.  Seventh Voyage: 1431-1433  Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siam  100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return trip.

10.  1498 --> Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port.

11. Ming Cultural Revolution  Printing & Literacy  Cheap, popular books:  woodblock printing.  cheap paper.  Examination system.  Leads to explosion in literacy.   Leads to further popularization of the commercial market.  Culture & Art  Increased literacy leads to increased interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things:  Literature.  Painting.  Ceramics.  Opera.

12. Ming Porcelain / Ceramics, 17c–18c

13. Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early 16c

14. Imperial China’s Impact on History  Removed religion from morality.  Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate.  Mandate of Heaven  Social Classes. Tenant Farmers.  Secular law.  Valued history  The Dynastic Cycle

15. Ming Decline  Ineffective Ming Navy – Ex; 67 Pirates  Internal power struggles – Neglect and Corruption (Eunuchs)  Emperors only care about luxury  High taxes  Poor crop yields - famines  Peasant revolts – Li Zicheng  Result: Manchus invade  Manchus = Qing

16. Qing  What did Manchu Chieftain Nurhaci do?  Why were the Manchu able to conquer the Ming?  Role of the Queue. What did it do?

17. Qing

18.  Role of Kangxi: (1661-1772)  Successful conqueror  Confucius Scholar  Project manager  Role of Qianlong: (Grandson)  Also a conqueror  Chinese Protectorate over Tibet Role of Qianlong:  Marked the height of Qing Rule.  Cancelled Taxes.

19. Qing Bureacracy  Sons of Heaven  Civil Service  Confucianism  Foot binding  Filial Piety and Patriarchal Dominance

20. Economic Changes  Using pages 733 and 735, list and discuss two economic developments during the Ming and Qing dynasties: