1. STAAR Review World History

2. Middle Ages in Europe

3. Images Feudal System Manor system

4. Time Period Crusades: series of wars blessed by the Pope to regain/restore holy lands Black Death: deadly plague; killed 30-60% of European population Hundred Years War: series of wars between England and France; fought for control of French throne

5. How did they contribute to the end of medieval Europe? population decreases= baby boom Schism = Formal Division of Roman Catholic Church Changes in religious and political point of view

6. People Thomas Aquinas: Dominican priest of the Roman Catholic church; influential philosopher Justinian: Byzantine emperor known for the writing of Roman law “Justinian Code” King John: nobel rebellion led during his reign led to the passage of the “Magna Carta”

7. Big Ideas Magna Carta: guaranteed free men rights and led to the development of parliament and constitutional monarchy Feudalism: social system in which the king gave land to nobles who had vassals that split land into fiefs; peasants worked the land to earn protection

8. Big Ideas Manorialism: economic and legal system where a lord controlled a piece of land (manor) and its tenants (peasants) Trade: Guilds were created to protect workers and consumers from excessive taxes and created fair pricing

9. Middle Ages in Africa and Asia

10. African Kingdoms Gold-Salt trade: trading gold from West Africa with salt from Sahara led to the diffusion of Islamic ideas Kingdom of Ghana: raised army with tax revenues from trade route Kingdom of Mali: took direct control of gold/salt mines; Mansa Musa converts to Islam

11. Kingdom of Songhai: expands trade network with taxation and communication network Family structure: traditional family structure influenced by Islam Slave trade: constant war encourages the use of captives as a slaves; leads to development of slave trade

12. Middle East Rise of Islam: Mohammed founded Islam and believed he must convert the Arab tribes to believe in Allah; Jihad expands Islamic influence in region Caliphates: Muslim leaders (successors to Mohammed); expansion of empire led to spread of Islam and increased trade

13. Impact of Islam: trade helps to spread Islam in Middle East, Africa and Spain-area served as crossroads for trade among Europe, Africa and Asia Math, Science and Technology: medicine, Arabic numerals led to geometry and algebra; architecture and use of geometric designs

14. India Muslim invasions: Turkish Muslims invaded North India and established sultanates Mughal Empire: Akbar the Great united North India with the rest of India and encouraged religious tolerance, government efficiency, arts and education Taj Mahal- example of Mughal architecture

16. Ottoman Empire Ottomans: Nomadic Turkish people; captured Constantinople and conquered the Byzantine Empire Sultan: Leader of Ottoman system; all- powerful ruler of empire Istanbul: capital of Ottoman Empire (not Constantinople)

17. Safavids: members of Shi’ite Muslilm Turkish tribe-created Islamic empire in Persia Impact on Eastern Europe and Trade: spread Islam and served as crossroads of trade for Europe, Africa and Asia

18. Golden Age of China and Mongol Empire Tang Dynasty: “Golden Age” Political: Reunite China; public works; Confucian exams for service Economic: revive feudalism; encouraged commerce-lots of trade on the Silk Road Culture: census; Zen garden Math/Science/Technology: block printing

19. Song Dynasty Political: standardized coins and paper money; eliminated forced labor Economic: increased farm production led to increased population and wealth Culture: large towns and cities; footbinding for women Math/Science/Technology: compass; Grand Canal; gun powder; moveable type

20. Mongol Empire Invasions impact on surrounding areas: Overall impact: largest empire-allowed for safe trade throughout Persia, Russia, Iraq and China Russia: words, customs and clothing; Muscovy (Moscow) rebelled and declared independence; Ivan the Great

21. China: was reunited by Kublai Khan; Khan encouraged Mongols to adopt Chinese way of life; Marco Polo visits Islamic World: expands empire throughout SW Asia for a brief time

22. Ming Dynasty Influences on global trade: established a pattern of global trade Europe China silver silk new foods porcelain Math/Science/Technology: naval expeditions by Zheng He